David Hesmondhalgh’s cultural industries theory:
Media products are bought once and continually used – they never wear out.
Therefore, companies have to make a lot of money out of their products initially, because they don’t often resell the same product repeatedly.
Curran and Seaton power and media industries theory:
Media industries follow the normal capitalist pattern of increasing concentration of ownership in fewer and fewer hands.
This leads to a narrowing of the range of opinions represented and a pursuit of profit at the expense of quality or creativity.
Livingstone and Lunt’s regulation theory:
They ask, does regulation hinder or support creativity?
Example: Stranger Things producers removing swearing and gore for wider audience spread
BONUS Q: When do I use theory?
Paper 1 - Section A - News and Online media
Paper 2 - Section B - Long Form TV Drama