bi205 muscles of axial skeleton

muscles that position the head and vertebral column, muscles that move the rib cage

axial musculature

muscles that stabilize or move the appendicular skeleton

appendicular musculature

the muscles are ______ by nerves

innervated

the four groups of muscles in the axial skeleton

muscles of head and neck, muscles of the vertebral column, muscles of the rib cage and lateral walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, muscles of the pelvic floor

groups of muscles in the head and neck

muscles of facial expression, extra-ocular muscles, muscles of mastication, tongue, pharynx and anterior muscles of the neck

muscles of facial expression

orbicularis oris, buccinator, temporoparietalis, occipitofrontalis, platysma

extra-ocular muscles

medial and lateral rectus, superior and inferior rectus, superior and inferior oblique

rotates the eye laterally

lateral rectus

rotates the eye medially

medial rectus

rotates the eye upward

superior rectus

rotates the eye downward

inferior rectus

rotates the eye downward and laterally

superior oblique

rotates the eye upward and laterally

inferior oblique

muscles of mastication

masseter, temporalis, pterygoids

muscles of the tongue

genioglossus, hypoglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus

muscles of the pharynx

pharyngeal constrictors (superior, middle, inferior), palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, palatal muscles (tensor veli palatini, levator veli paltini)

anterior muscles of the neck

digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, sternocleidomastoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid

superficial layer of back muscles, moves the neck

extrinsic back muscles

intermediate layer of back muscles, move the vertebral column

extrinsic back muscles

deep layer of back muscles, interconnect the vertebrae

intrinsic back muscles

within the superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles

splenius capitis

within the intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles

erector spinae (spinalis-most medial, longissimus, iliocostalis-most lateral)

within the deep layer of the intrinsic back muscles

transversospinales (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores, interspinales, intertransversarii)

rotate or flex the neck

longus capitis and longus colli

flex the vertebral column laterally

quadratus lumborum

oblique and rectus muscles consist of

cervical muscles, thoracic muscles, abdominal muscles

the cervical muscles, elevate the ribs (inhalation)

scalene (anterior, middle, posterior)

thoracic muscles

intercostal muscles (external and internal), transverse thoracis, serratus posterior muscles

elevates the ribs

external intercostal, superior serratus posterior muscles

depresses the ribs

internal intercostal, transverse thoracis inferior serratus posterior muscle

compresses the abdomen, depresses the ribs, laterally flexes the torso

external and internal oblique

contracts and expands the thoracic cavity

diaphragm

depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column, consists of linea alba and tendinous inscriptions

rectus abdominis

when the diaphragm contracts it lowers to _____ the volume of the thoracic cavity

increase

when the diaphragm relaxes it rises to _____ the volume of the thoracic cavity

lowers

another name for the pelvic floor

perineal region

the 2 divisions of the pelvic floor

urogenital triangle (anterior) and anal triangle (posterior)

forms the foundation of the anal triangle

pelvic diaphragm

what separates the 2 triangles of the pelvic floor

superficial transverse perineal muscle

muscles of the urogenital triangle

superficial transverse perineal, ischiocavernous, bulbospongious, deep transverse perineal and external urethral sphincter

muscles of the anal triangle

coccygeus, levator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus) and external anal sphincter