SCIENCE (MCQ on Final Exam Preparation_1)

1. Which ethical theory promotes the notion that life lacks inherent value or meaning?

   a) Nihilism.
   b) Existentialism.
   c) Deontology.
   d) Hedonism.

a) Nihilism.

2. What does Hedonism primarily emphasize in ethical philosophy?

   a) It rejects moral principles.
   b) It emphasizes moral duties.
   c) It acknowledges universal laws.
   d) It’s a pursuit of personal pleasure.

d) It’s a pursuit of personal pleasure.

3. What is the core concept of Deontological ethics?

   a) It emphasizes individual freedom without limitations.
   b) It encourages pursuing pleasure as the ultimate goal.
   c) It is a belief in the absence of moral principles.
   d) It encourages strict adherence to moral duties and responsibilities.

d) It encourages strict adherence to moral duties and responsibilities.

4. How do Deontological ethics and Teleological ethics differ?

   a) Deontological ethics is based on duties, while Teleological ethics focuses on outcomes or consequences.
   b) Teleological ethics emphasizes moral duties, while Deontological ethics prioritizes consequences.
   c) Teleological ethics promotes freedom of choice, while Deontological ethics focuses on ethical figures.
   d) Deontological ethics is concerned with the consequences of actions, while Teleological ethics focuses on moral duties.

a) Deontological ethics is based on duties, while Teleological ethics focuses on outcomes or consequences.

5. How do Hedonism and Utilitarianism differ?

   a) Hedonism and Utilitarianism are synonymous terms representing the fulfillment of personal desires.
   b) Hedonism prioritizes the pursuit of individual pleasures, while Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing overall happiness.
   c) Hedonism rejects moral principles, while Utilitarianism emphasizes moral obligations.
   d) Both Hedonism and Utilitarianism focus on the rights and freedom of individuals.

b) Hedonism prioritizes the pursuit of individual pleasures, while Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing overall happiness.

6. In what ways do Nihilism and Existentialism differ in their perspectives on meaning and purpose?

   a) Nihilism seeks meaning through moral obligation, while Existentialism rejects the concept of meaning.
   b) Nihilism emphasizes moral duties, while Existentialism prioritizes the pursuit of individual rights.
   c) Nihilism rejects any inherent purpose, while Existentialism focuses on the individual search for meaning.
   d) Nihilism rejects freedom of choice, while Existentialism promotes the pursuit of pleasure.

c) Nihilism rejects any inherent purpose, while Existentialism focuses on the individual search for meaning.

7. Why is the concept of morality regarded as significant in society?

   a) It emphasizes on personal achievement leading to success.
   b) It focuses on freedom and individual choices.
   c) It acknowledges collective responsibility as a group.
   d) It promotes moral values and ethical behavior

d) It promotes moral values and ethical behavior

8. In what way does morality influence the formation of an individual's character?

   a) Through emphasizing egocentric attitudes
   b) By instilling good moral values and principles.
   c) By promoting dishonest behavior when necessary.
   d) By advocating for individual rights and freedoms.

b) By instilling good moral values and principles.

9. In what way does morality enhance the welfare of society?

   a) By advocating individualistic desires and pleasures.
   b) By strengthening ethical values and fostering social harmony.
   c) By focusing entirely on individual rights and freedoms.
   d) By promoting disharmony and conflict

b) By strengthening ethical values and fostering social harmony.

10. How do moral values impact an individual’s character development

    a) It focuses solely on materialistic efforts and happiness
    b) It builds a foundation of good moral values and integrity.
    c) It ignores the importance of ethics in personal growth.
    d) It encourages deception and dishonesty.

b) It builds a foundation of good moral values and integrity.

11. Describe Zakat and its significance within Muslim society.

    a) Zakat is a mandatory practice to aid the less fortunate in society.
    b) Zakat symbolizes the fasting period during the holy month of Ramadan.
    c) Zakat is the pilgrimage to Mecca performed by devout Muslims every year.
    d) Zakat is a type of meditation in Islam, without practical implications.

a) Zakat is a mandatory practice to aid the less fortunate in society.

12. What distinguishes the Pillars of Islam from the Noble Eightfold Path in Buddhism?

    a) The Pillars of Islam are specific obligations in Islam, while the Noble Eightfold Path explains the way to end suffering in Buddhism.
    b) Both the Pillars of Islam and the Noble Eightfold Path, emphasize prayer and meditation
    c) The Pillars of Islam are limited to religious leaders, while the Noble Eightfold Path is open to all Buddhist followers.
    d) The Pillars of Islam focus on moral principles, while the Noble Eightfold Path emphasizes rituals.

a) The Pillars of Islam are specific obligations in Islam, while the Noble Eightfold Path explains the way to end suffering in Buddhism.

13. What is the significance of the concept of Tawhid and its implications for Muslim society?

    a) Tawhid signifies the pilgrimage to Mecca as a fundamental practice in Islam.
    b) Tawhid symbolizes the act of prayer for obedient Muslims.
    c) Tauhid emphasizes belief in the Oneness of Allah and understanding of faith and practice.
    d) Tawhid encompasses the principles of deeds and goodness in a Muslim society.

c) Tauhid emphasizes belief in the Oneness of Allah and understanding of faith and practice.

14. Identify the Sanskrit term used in Hinduism to refer to the eternal soul.

    a) Brahman.
    b) Maya
    c) Samsara.
    d) Aatman

d) Aatman

15. Which ethical principle emphasizes a non-violent attitude in Hinduism

    a) Asteya
    b) Satyam.
    c) Dama
    d) Ahimsa

d) Ahimsa

16. What does the term "Moksha" signify in Hinduism?

    a) Striving for material wealth.
    b) Acceptance of one's destiny
    c) Strict adherence to ritual duties.
    d) Liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

d) Liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

17. How does Karma function within Hindu beliefs?

    a) Symbolizing the eternal soul
    b) Connecting actions to future consequences
    c) Believing in various gods
    d) Representing the practice of meditation.

b) Connecting actions to future consequences

18. Which divine entity is recognized as the sustainer in Hindu beliefs?

    a) Shiva.
    b) Brahma.
    c) Vishnu
    d) Ganesha

c) Vishnu

19. What does the term Samsara represent in Hindu philosophy?

    a) The eternal soul
    b) The creator of the universe.
    c) The ultimate purpose in life.
    d) The continuous cycle of birth and death.

d) The continuous cycle of birth and death.

20. Which principle in Hinduism embodies the virtue of self-restraint and control over one's desires?

    a) Moksha
    b) Asteya
    c) Ahimsa
    d) Dama

d) Dama