CSUF ISDS 351 Exam 2

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)

Is a subset of e-commerce that involves electronic transactions between consumers using a third party to facilitate the process

The Development of new and useful applications

The number of mobile Web sites worldwide has grown rapidly, in part because of _____.

.Explicit Personalization techniques

An approach to building customer profiles that captures user-provided information, such as information from warranties, surveys, user registrations, and contest-entry forms completed online, relies on _____

Payment Card industry (PCI) security

The _____ standard spells out measures and security procedures to safeguard the card issuer, the cardholder, and the merchant

If customer data is stolen from a business's computers, _____.

The customers can file a class action lawsuit against the business.

Data transaction processing

Which of the following is NOT considered a component of business intelligence?

One of the goals of business intelligence is to _________.

Present the results of analysis in an easy-to-understand manner.

Suppose your employer has four manufacturing units, each with its own data operations. They are considering using BI and analytics tools. Which of the following is a valid recommendation regarding the BI and analytics initiative?

Ensure that an effective company-wide data management program, including data governance, is in place.

You are to advise XYZ Corporation so that their BI and analytics efforts are fruitful. Which among the following is the most crucial advice of all?

Management must have a strong commitment to data-driven decision making

_____ is used to explore large amounts of data for hidden patterns to predict future trends

Data Mining

Which of the following is NOT a recognized BI and analytics technique?

online transaction processing

Which term describes a product produced as part of a project?

Deliverable

Which action involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them?

Collecting requirements

Which action involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved?

Defining scope

Which document contains a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.

Work breakdown structure

Which is recommended for the creation of a good WBS?

A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.

What process involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders?

Scope validation

What is the first process involved in project schedule management?

Planning schedule management

In project schedule management, which process generates the main outputs of an activity list, activity attributes, and a milestone list?

Defining activities

In project schedule management, which process involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule?

Developing the schedule

Which document is most likely to include planned project start and end dates which serve as the starting points for a detailed schedule?

Project charter

Which statement best describes the difference between an activity list and an activity attribute?

An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list.

Which provide a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format?

Gantt Charts

In which of the following forms of e-commerce is the seller most likely to offer a customized product offering to a potential buyer?

Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce.

One reason for the growth in business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce is that online B2C shoppers have the ability to design a _____ product.

Personalized

Which of the following forms of e-commerce has created an opportunity for many people to make a living out of selling items on auction web sites?

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic components of most successful e-commerce models?

Capital

The _______ standard spells out measures and security procedures to safeguard the card issuer, the cardholder, and the merchant.

Payment Card Industry (PCI) security

Which basic element of a successful e-commerce model can be established through discussion forums and other social shopping tools?

Community

Any government unit, business or individual can interact with the government

Through e-government

Transport Layer Security

The communications protocol that is currently used to prevent identity theft because it ensures privacy between communicating applications and their users on the Internet is called

How does TLS help make e-commerce transactions more secure?

TLS allows Web browsers to initiate temporary, private conversations with Web servers.

A key ingredient to e-commerce infrastructure is

a Web server platform.

Marina is a data scientist at a large financial corporation, and therefore she

Aims to uncover insights that will influence organizational decisions

____ is used to explore large amounts of data for hidden patterns to predict future trends.

Data mining

The purpose of business intelligence is to _____

support improved decision making

_____ is the term used to describe enormous and complex data collections that traditional data management software, hardware, and analysis processes are incapable of handling

Big data

A _____ is a subset of a data warehouse that is used by small- and medium-sized businesses and departments within large companies to support decision making

data mart

One key characteristic of big data is that it is being generated at a rate of 2.5 quintillion bytes per day. This is known as big data's _____.

Velocity

One challenge presented by the volume of big data is that _____

business users can have a hard time finding the information they need to make decisions.

Which statement best describes scope?

Work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them

Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with which process in project scope management?

Planning

Which output documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed?

Requirements management plan

What is the main technique used in creating a WBS, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces?

Decomposition

Which task is at the lowest level of the WBS?

Work package

Which document should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project?

Scope statement

Which term is used for a significant event on a project that normally has no duration?

Milestone

Which dependencies do AOA network diagrams use?

Finish-to-start

In project schedule management, the ultimate goal of which process is to provide a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project?

Developing a schedule

Which technique involves network diagramming and is used primarily to predict total project duration?

Critical Path Analysis

Where would a draft schedule for a project most likely be found?

Project Charter

Which is an output of schedule control?

Change Requests

business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce:

A subset of e-commerce in which all the participants are organizations.

Omnichannel

Refers to an integrated strategy for engaging customers (and potential customers) across multiple platforms and channels of communication to provide a seamless experience

business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce

A form of e-commerce in which customers deal directly with an organization and avoid intermediaries.

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce

A subset of e-commerce that involves electronic transactions between consumers using a third party to facilitate the process.

E-government

is the use of information and communications technology to simplify the sharing of information, speed formerly paper-based processes, and improve the relationship between citizens and government. Government-to-citizen (G2C), government-to-business (G2B), and government-to-government

Multistage model for e-commerce (B2B and B2C):

1. Search and identification, 2. Selection and negotiation 3. Purchasing 4. Product and service delivery 5. After-sales service.

Product and Information flow

When a customer orders an HP printer online, the order goes first to FedEx, which ships the order, triggering an email notification to the customer and an inventory notice to HP.

Seals of approval

to avoid problems when shopping online, look on the Web site for a seal of approval from organizations such as the Better Business Bureau Online or TRUSTe.

market segmentation: The identification of specific markets to target them with tailored advertising messages.

storefront broker

a business that serves as an intermediary between your Web site and online merchants who have the actual products and retail expertise

M-commerce

the ability to conduct commerce using a mobile device for the purpose of buying or selling goods or services

market segmentation

divides the pool of potential customers into subgroups usually defined in terms of demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, marital status, income level, and geographic location.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

The process of maximizing the number of visitors to your Web site using the quality and quantity of terms/links on your Web page that match common Internet searches.

certificate authority (CA

A trusted third-party organization or company that issues digital certificates.

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

A communications protocol or system of rules that ensures privacy between communicating applications and their users on the Internet.

electronic cash

An amount of money that is computerized, stored, and used as cash for e-commerce transactions.

Big Data

is the term used to describe data collections that are so enormous (terabytes or more) and complex (from sensor data to social media data) that traditional data management software, hardware, and analysis processes are incapable of dealing with them.

Five Characteristics associated with big data

volume, velocity, value, variety, and veracity

data mart

A subset of a data warehouse that is used by small and medium-sized businesses and departments within large companies to support decision making

data lake

A "store everything" approach to big data that saves all the data in its raw and unaltered form

NoSQL database

A way to store and retrieve data that is modeled using some means other than the simple two-dimensional tabular relations used in relational databases.

business intelligence (BI)

A wide range of applications, practices, and technologies for the extraction, transformation, integration, visualization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data to support improved decision making.

analytics

The extensive use of data and quantitative analysis to support fact-based decision making within organizations.

data scientist

An individual who combines strong business acumen, a deep understanding of analytics, and a healthy appreciation of the limitations of data, tools, and techniques to deliver real improvements in decision making.

regression analysis

A method for determining the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

predictive analytics

A set of techniques used to analyze current data to identify future probabilities and trends, as well make predictions about the future.

time series analysis

The use of statistical methods to analyze time series data and determine useful statistics and characteristics about the data.

Linear programming

A technique for finding the optimum value (largest or smallest, depending on the problem) of a linear expression (called the objective function) that is calculated based on the value of a set of decision variables that are subject to a set of constraints.

Monte Carlo simulation

A simulation that enables you to see a spectrum of thousands of possible outcomes, considering not only the many variables involved, but also the range of potential values for each of those variables.

self-service analytics

Training, techniques, and processes that empower end users to work independently to access data from approved sources to perform their own analyses using an endorsed set of tools.

scope

refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them

A deliverable

is a product produced as part of a project, such as hardware or software, planning docs, or meeting minutes

Project scope management

includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project. Creates an understanding between stakeholders and project team on what the project will produce and which processes will be used. 1) Planning scope management, 2) Collecting requirements, 3) Defining scope, 4) Creating the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), 5) Validating scope, 6) Controlling scope.

Plan Scope Management

Project team uses expert judgement, data analysis, and meetings to produce two outputs. Scope management plan, which includes: 1) Detailed project scope statement, 2) Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), 3) Maintain and approve WBS, 4) Obtain formal acceptance of completed project deliverables, 5) Control requests for changes.

requirements management plan

1) How to plan, track, and report requirements activities, 2) How to perform configuration management activities, 3) How to prioritize requirements, 4) How to use product metrics, 5) How to trace and capture attributes of requirements.

Collect Requirements

This is often the most difficult to do, especially in software development. Several ways to collect requirements: 1) Interviewing stakeholders, 2) Holding focus groups and facilitated workshops, 3) Using group creativity and decision-making techniques, 4) Utilizing questionnaires and surveys, 5) Conducting observation studies, 6) Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics (i.e., benchmarking).

Defining Scope

Important elements of a project scope statement: 1) Product scope description, 2) Product user acceptance criteria, 3) Detailed information on all project deliverables, 4) It is also helpful to document other scope-related information, 5) Project boundaries, constraints, and assumptions, 6) Supporting document references (e.g., product specifications), 7) As time progresses, the scope of a project should become more clear and specific.

Creating the WBS

A deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project Foundation document that provides the basis for planning and managing project schedules, costs, resources, and changes.

Decompose

Subdivide project deliverables into smaller pieces.

work package

a task at the lowest level of the WBS

Scope validation

involves formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables.

Scope control

involves controlling changes to the project scope: 1) Keeping project goals and business strategy in mind, 2) Goals of scope control, 3) Influence the factors that cause scope changes, 4) Ensure changes are processed according to procedures developed as part of integrated change control, 5) Manage changes when they occur, 6) Variance is the difference between planned and actual performance.

Project Schedule Management Process

1) Planning schedule management, 2) Defining activities, 3) Sequencing activities, 4) Estimating activity resources, 5) Estimating activity durations, 6) Developing the schedule, 7) Controlling the schedule.

Planning Schedule Management

How the schedule will be managed throughout the life of the project. Inputs include: 1) Project charter, 2) Project management plan, 3) Enterprise environmental factors, 4) Organizational process assets, 5) Using tools and techniques (meetings, expert judgement, etc..) on the inputs, you end up with a Schedule management plan.

Defining Activities

Defining activities involves identifying the specific actions that will produce the project deliverables in enough detail to determine resources and schedule estimates. Inputs include: 1) Project management plan, 2) Enterprise environmental factors, 3) Organizational process assets.

Sequencing Activities

Determines dependencies Inputs include: 1) Project management plan, 2) Project documents, 3) Enterprise environmental factors, 4) Organizational process assets. Using tools and techniques (precedence diagramming method, Dependency determination and integration, leads and lags) on the inputs, you end up with Project schedule network diagrams and Project documents updates.

Duration

includes the actual amount of time worked on an activity plus elapsed time (calendar time)

Effort

is the number of workdays or work hours required to complete a task and does not normally equal duration. Inputs include: 1) Project management plan, 2) Project documents, 3) Enterprise environmental factors, 4) Organizational process assets, 5) Using expert judgement and various types of estimating techniques such as three-point estimate, 6) you end up with the estimates themselves, 7) the basis of estimates and project documents updates.

Controlling the schedule

1) Know the status of the schedule, 2) Influence the factors that cause schedule changes, 3) Determine that the schedule has changed, 4) Manage changes when they occur, 5) Main inputs to schedule control, 6) Project management plan, 7) Project documents, 8) Work performance data, 9) Organizational process assets.