Biology 1

Atom

The building blocks of molecules

Element

A simple substance that cannot be broken down

Molecule

A group of atoms bonded together

Hydrophobic

Something that is water resistance 

Hydrophilic

Mixes with water

Bond

What holds atoms together to form a molecule

pH

A measure of hydrogen ions

Acids have high concentration of hydrogen ions

Bases have high concentrations of hydroxide ions 

Chemical reaction

Rearranging molecules into different substances

Products

The substances you end up with-found on the right side of the equation

Reactants

The substances you start with-found on the left side of the equation 

Ions

A positively or negatively charged atom

Positive - Remove an electron 

Negative - Add an electron

Essential elements for life

C-carbon
H-hydrogen
N-nitrogen
O-oxygen
P-phosphorus
S-sulfur

Ionic Bond

Transfer of electrons

Hydrogen Bonds

weak attraction between polar molecules

Covalent Bonds

Sharing of electrons

Which bond is the strongest

Covalent Bonds

What happens to the electrons in each bond

Covalent - the electrons are shared and attracted to positively charged nucleus

Hydrogen - Hydrogen bond is with a dotten line and combines molecules and not atoms

Ionic Bonds - one atom gives it’s electrons to another atom

What is pH a measure of

A measure of hydrogen ions

Compound

A substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Organic Molecule

Contains carbon and is found in living organisms

Polar Molecule

unequal sharing of electrons

hydrophilic

Nonpolar Molecule

Equal number of electrons-equal pull from both atoms

ex: carbon dioxide

hydrophobic

What does it mean for something to be acidic

They have a high concentration of hydrogen ions

What does it mean for something to be basic

They have a high concentration of hydroxide ions

What is the neutral of pH

7 or water

Where do strong acids fall on the scale

farthest to the left

Where do weak acids fall on the scale

middle left

where do strong basics fall on the scale

farthest to the right

where do weak bases fall on the scale

middle right

What is the difference between an ion and an isotope

An isotope is an atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons, which changes its mass but not its chemical properties. An ion is an atom with an electrical charge that has an unequal number of protons and electrons, which can be either positive or negative

How do you identify an ion

by a charge displayed next to its symbol

Na+cap N a raised to the positive power

𝑁𝑎+

or

Cl−cap C l raised to the negative power

𝐶𝑙−

How do identify an isotope

protons + neutrons

6 - Atomic number = Protons + Electrons

C - Symbol

Carbon - Name

12.01 - Mass/Neutrons 

Cohesion

the property of water molecules being attracted to and sticking to each other, primarily due to the hydrogen bonds that form between them

Surface tension

water's ability to resist external forces due to the cohesive forces between its molecules

Adhesion

the property of water to stick to other substances

Specific Heat capacity

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a unit of mass of a substance by one degree Celsius

Solvency 

the ability of water to dissolve other substances

Identify the products and reactants of a chemical reaction

Should know that the arrow points to the products and the reactants are first