urban fieldwork

What was our enquiry question

Has regeneration improved the lives of poeple in stratford

What were our three hypotheses

Quality of life is higher in the regenerated parts of stratford

Environmental quality is better on the regenerated parts of stratford

Shopping faciities are better in the regenerated parts of stratford

What was our location

Stratford, east london, the borough of newham

Why Stratford

This location has a traditional housing area and a regenerated one - also has a traditonal shopping street and new shopping centre

Four areas we will look at are al walking distance from eachother and stratford can be visited from our scl on day trip by coach w travel time only 1hr30

Mini sketch map of areas studied

2 risks students may face in this investigation

Wet pavements , traffic risks

Wet pavements

Wet pavements - slip and trip risk - wore non slip shoes to minimise risk of falling

Traffic

Lots of traffic in urban areas - risk of getting hit by cars - managed by only using designated crossings

What is sampling

Selecting a group of individuals to measure that will represent the whole target population.

Why do we sample

Because not feasible to survey every member of the population so we choose a sample of people from this group

Sampling techniques

Convenience random stratified systematic

Convenience

Based on practicality. People chosen bc they are available, safe looking, and speak english

Pros convenience

Cuts down the cost of preparing a sampling frame

Less time consuming

Cons convenience

Bias, as it may not represent the population well

Random

Samples chosen from a population either by using a random number table or random number generator. Each member of population has an equal independent and known chance of being selected

Random pros

Easy to implement

Each member of population has equal chance of being chosen

Free from bias

Random cons

Minority subgroups within population may not be included in the sample

Stratified

Population divided into subgroups based on specific characteristics e.g age gender race. A sample that includes popele from each subgroup is then chosen

Stratified pros

Every group living in the area can be proportionally represented in final sample

Easy to compare subgroups s

Stratified cons

Info must be gathered before being able to divide population into subgroups - time consuming

Systematic

Using regular system , e.g every 5th person that walks past to select questionnare participants

Systematic pros

Easy to select

Free from bias

Systematic cons

Subgroups of the population may not be represented in the sample

What sampling technique used

Lie and say stratified sampling - stratified sampling was used as we had census data about the borough of newham so we could design a fair sampling frame for the questionnaire that was reflective of the population we were studying

What is primary data

Info that you collect yourself

primary pros

When collecting data yourself - easier to ensure info is accurate Specific to particular study so gives data that you were looking for

Primary cons

Collecting can take lots of time bc initial stage of setting up collection method then actual collection process. Potential for researcher bias

What is secondary data

information collected by someone else for another purpose

Secondary pros

Cheap - free online Quick - go online and find no

Secondary cons

Higher likelihood info is out of date - may have been gathered years before and trends and patterns change quickly. Important to examine facts and be aware of bias - data maybe presented in way that suits someone else's study

What primary data did we collect

Shopping survey, quality of life questionnaire (QoL), environmental quality survey (EQS), photographs (EQ)

What secondary data helped our research

News articles, house prices from online sites

What is quantitative data

Numerical data that can be measured and expressed in terms of numbers, often used to describe objective facts or events. Can be collected through methods such as surveys, questionnaires, and experiments

What is qualitative data

Non numerical data that can't be expressed in terms of numbers. Often used to describe subjective experiences feelings or opinions. Can be collected through methods such as interviews, focus groups, and observations

What quantitative techniques did we use

House price data bar chart, bipolar graph for environmental quality, tally of amount of shops, proportional circles map, quality of life survey bar chart

What qualitative techniques did we use

Word cloud from EQS, annotated photos, land use map for shops

What are open and closed questions

open- no fixed response closed- restricted answer choice - yes no

Pros and cons open questions

Allows you to better understand respondents true feelings and attitudes abt the subject. Take a lot of time as respondent may want to talk at length. Difficult to put into graph as answers dont fall into certain catgeories.

Pros and cons of closed questions

Doesnt give respondents choice to truly give thier opnions. Quuick to complete bc respondaent can only say one things. Easily made into graph bc speicifc set of answers

Data analysis methods

House prices, word clouds, news articles, photos, EQS

House prices

Calculated mean house prices for each location - objective, only have 4 houses from each location which isn't representative, houses may not have been 'like for like'

Word clouds

Showed which words were used most often. Highlighted positive words in green and negative in red. Carpenters more red, east vil more green. Only asked 6 people

Newspaper articles

Annotated newspaper article and picked out positive and negative words - textual analysis. Highlighted them in green for positive abt regeneration, red for negative. Showed comments mostly positive - v effective. But only did one article which may have been biased.

Photos

Highlighted positive and neagtive aspects of regeneration and positive aspects of carpenters estate, red and green, east vil more green, carp est more red, v effective - but only 2 pics of each place

EQS

Calculated toal scores for envionmenta quality surveys - pros = objective
Assessed varied quality of two areas to see the differences
Quantitative data that can aid analysis/evaluation

Proportional circles maps pros

Illustrates dif between many places Easy to read
Data specific to particular study locations

Proportional circles map cons

Not easy to calc acc value
Time consuming to construct
Positioning on map may be difficult especially w larger symbols
Doesn't show what q its answering

Photos pros

Accurate record of the time

Represent things more clearly than numerical data
Helps recall key features

Photos cons

Not all pics are relevant. Can be subjective and biased as student pics what is photographed to match studies

Bar graphs pros

Summarise large set of data

Easy to interpret and construct

Shows trends clearly

Bar graph cons

Requires additional info

Does not show causes, effects, or patterns

Can only be used w discrete data w

Word clouds pros

Displayed in clear and engaging way by magnifying/enlarging words spoken most frequently - easy to interpret

Easy, quick, and free to create w online generator

Word clouds cons

Fail to capture finer points of language e.g synonyms/various grammatical forms of word - could create false impression of what's been said

Can create misconceptions - just bc written bigger doesn't mean more important, e.g "the" "and" - big bc freuqnet usage but not much value to understanding

Lack context and elebaoration - no tone, no explanation

Good things abt data presentation skills we used

Bad things abt data presentation skills we used

Good things abt data analysis skills used

Bad things abt data analysis skills used

What stakeholders might have dif views ab the study area and why

Residents, government - bc invested, property developers bc made the buildings.

How did GIS (google earth) help w the study

Before we go we use GIS (google maps) to see if areas were walking distance

GIS used to get a base map for shopping survey at stratford broadway

On trip used GIS (gogle maps) to help us find the four locations

GIS used to plot EQS scores

How did ICT (spreadsheets) help w the study

ICT used to create wordcloud for QoL survey, typed set of words in and visual way of showing most common words came up

Also used to find mean, median, mode and range of data for dif surveys. Typeed the results in and excel gave us results and made graphs

What was bad abt enquiry question and hypotheses

Not specific enough

QOL hypothesis too vague - could've done affordability of housing

Were the methods reliable

Did we get accurate results

Hypothesis 1 evidence

• 32% more people in East Village thought the environment was clean, compared to the Carpenter's Estate.

• Crime is 25% lower in East Village based on our crime survey radar graph. The scores were on average 25% lower

in East Vil than Carp.

• In our word clouds for the quality of life survey, the main words for East Vil were 'Clean' and 'Safe', whereas for Carp and the High Street they were 'Run-down' 'congested'.

• Three separate sets of data suggest that EV has a better Quality of Life than Carp Est. We strongly accept this hypothesis.

Hypothesis 1 anomalies

Word cloud says Carp Est more 'Vibrant' and 'diverse'.

• Our bar charts said that local shops were better in Carp Est also.

• East Vil 'unaffordable' in word cloud.

• Housing all looks the same in East Vil and some people may think this is less vibrant. Less diversity of

people/ethnicity.

Hypothesis 2 evidence

In the Environmental Quality bi-polar survey. In East Vil, the Env Quality on average scored a 3

(the max score). But in Carp Est it was only 1.

• In our annotated photos, it was clear that there was much more rubbish, graffiti, and a lack in

green space in Carp Est, while in East Vil it was much greener and modern.