Germany before hitler

Nazism

A system of ideas and beliefs associated with the Nazi Party, characterized by totalitarianism, extreme nationalism, and anti-Semitism.

Crimes Against Humanity

A category of international law violations that includes genocide, enslavement, and torture.

The Allied Powers

A coalition formed during World War II initially led by the UK and France, later joined by the USSR and USA.

Genocidal War

A war that includes the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, ethnic, national, or religious group.

Weimar Republic

The democratic government established in Germany after World War I, lasting from 1919 until 1933.

War Guilt Clause

A provision in the Versailles Treaty that assigned blame for World War I to Germany.

Hyperinflation

An economic situation where prices rise uncontrollably and currency value collapses.

Dawes Plan

A financial plan devised to help Germany recover from hyperinflation post-World War I.

November Criminals

A derogatory term used by conservative nationalists in Germany to refer to those who signed the armistice ending World War I.

Spartacist League

A revolutionary socialist movement in Germany that aimed to establish a communist government.

Auschwitz

The largest Nazi concentration and extermination camp during the Holocaust.

Hitler's Propaganda Minister

Joseph Goebbels, who played a key role in spreading Nazi ideology and propaganda.

Totalitarianism

A political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and seeks to regulate every aspect of public and private life.

Mass Murder

The unlawful killing of a large number of people, often systematically.

Axis Powers

The coalition led by Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.

Reparation

Compensation imposed during the Versailles Treaty on Germany for war damages.

Berlin Bunker

The underground command center where Adolf Hitler spent his final days.

Nuremberg Trials

A series of military tribunals held after World War II to prosecute prominent leaders of Nazi Germany.

Psychological Impact

The effect that a traumatic event has on an individual's mental state or emotional condition.

Federal Structure

A form of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.

Peace Treaty at Versailles

The treaty that ended World War I and imposed heavy penalties on Germany.

Nationality and Ethnic Identity

A social construct pertaining to a person's identity associated with a particular nation or ethnicity.

National Assembly

The legislative body established in Germany during the Weimar Republic responsible for drafting the constitution.

Military Dictatorship

A government in which military leaders control the political power of a country.

Political Radicalism

A political ideology that seeks profound and rapid changes in government and policy.

Soviets of Workers and Sailors

Councils that represented workers and soldiers in revolutionary Russia.

Collective Suicide

The act of several individuals choosing to end their lives together.

Psychological Recovery

The process through which individuals heal from trauma and restore their mental health.

Anti-Semitism

Hostility to or prejudice against Jews.

Rhineland

The resource-rich region of Germany that was occupied by Allied forces post-World War I.

Political Demonstrations

Public gatherings of people to express their political opinions or to demand change.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests of a particular nation and promotes national interests ahead of global considerations.

Concentration Camps

Facilities where large numbers of people are detained and often tortured or exterminated.

Massive Retribution

A punishment or consequence that is severe and significant in response to wrongdoing.

Totalitarian Regime

A political system that prohibits opposition parties and restricts individual freedoms.

Democratic Constitution

A foundational legal document that establishes the principles and framework of a democratic government.

Commune

A radical social group that aims to establish a community based on shared interests and direct democracy.

Civilian Displacement

The forced movement of people from their homes, often due to conflict or disaster.

Ghettos

Sections of cities where Jews and other marginalized groups were forced to live, often in overcrowded and poor conditions.

Political Opponents

Individuals or groups that oppose the actions, policies, or ideals of a government.

Industrial Area Occupation

The seizure of industrial regions by foreign powers during conflicts to control resources.

Terrorism

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in pursuit of political aims.

Bolshevik Revolution

The 1917 revolution in Russia that led to the rise of the Soviet government.

Armistice

An agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time.

Crisis of Democracy

A period when democratic institutions face challenges or collapse due to political or economic pressures.

Social Cleavages

Divisions within a society based on social identities such as class, religion, or ethnicity.

Transformational Politics

A political strategy that prioritizes significant change in policy or governance structures.