Early Childhood Exam

West Indes

collection of islands in the caribeian including Haiti, Cuba, the Bahamas, Jamaica, Barbados, etc. Seperates the Caribean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean

Subregions of the US

Far west/pacific Coast

Rocky Mountains

Southwest

Southeast

Great Plains

Great Lakes

Mideast

New England

the 5 Oceans

Indian

Atlantic

Pacific

Arctic

Southern (Antarctic)

Regions of the US

North East

Midwest

West

South West

South East

X ∩ Y?

• intersection aka all common items

X U Y?

• union, aka combination, all items in both x and y

Piaget

• cognitive constructivist, focused on individual discovery

Sensorimotor (0-2) senses

Pre operational (2-7) develops language, uses symbols

Concrete Operational (7-11) thinks logically about concrete events

Formal Operational (12+) abstract thinking

Vygostsky

• Sociocultural, learn through more knowledgeable others (ZPD)

Erickson

• psychosocial

1. trust vs mistrust (0-1)

2. Autonomy vs shame (1-3)

3. Initiative vs guilt (3-6)

4. Industry vs inferiority (7-11)

5. Identity vs confusion (12-18)

6. Intimacy vs isolation (19-29)

7. Generativity vs stagnation (30-64)

8. Integrity vs despair (65+)

Freud

• psychosexual

Oral (0-2)

Anal (2-3)

Phallic (3-6)

Latency (6-puberty)

Genital (puberty)

Bandura

• social learning theory, cognitive processes alongside experiences

• Bobo doll experiment

Brofenbrenner

• Ecological Systems theory

Kohlberg

• moral development

Pre conventional—

1. Obedience & Punishment- fear of trouble

2. Self Interest

Conventional—

3. Interpersonal Accord & Conformity- what do other ppl think?

4. Authority & Social Order- what are the rules?

Post Conventional—

5. Social Contract- do the rules serve everyone fairly?

6. Universal Ethical Principles- abstract self chosen principles

Lewis Carroll

Alice and Wonderland

Hans Christian Anderson

Fairytales (Thumbelina, The Little Mermaid, The Ugly Duckling)

Beatrix potter

Peter Rabbit

C.S Lewis

Narnia

EB White

Charlottes Web

Jan Brett

The Mitten, The Hat

Mitsumasa Anno

Annos counting book

Margaret Wise Brown

Good night moon

Carlo Collodi

Pinocchio

L Frank Baum

Wizard of OZ

Robert Louis Stevenson

Treasure Island

Rudyard Kipling

Jungle Book

Fable vs Folktale

Folktale is the broad category of traditional stories passed down orally reflecting a lesson or custom.

Fables are brief and often use talking animals to display a universal moral

• fables ALWAYS have a clear moral, folktales SOMETIMES do and fantasy’s RARELY do

Fantasy

• A genre that includes magical elements and imaginative settings

IEP- purpose and procedure

purpose- to provide a legally binding educational plan, ensuring they receive free appropriate public education and outlines goals, supports etc.

Procedure- referral, evaluation, determining eligibility, developing plan with the IEP team (parents, special ed teacher, general ed teacher,rep of school system, eval interpreter), implementation, review, reevaluate

IFSP Individualized Family Service Plan- purpose and procedure

purpose- family centered approach to support children birth-3 by outlining goals and supports in a written plan

Procedure- referral, evaluation, team assembly, assessment, planning, documentation, implementation and review, transition planning to pre k as the approach 3 years old

504 plan

ensures equal access to education through providing supports and accommodations

IEP vs 504 plan

an IEP is more specific, intensive focusing on education while a 504 plan is more broad (IEP is under education act and 504 is civil rights)

To have an IEP you must have one of the 13 disabilities, while a 504 can apply for any disability

Threshold of responsiveness

how intense a stimulus must be for a child to react

Cognitive dissonance

mental discomfort from holding two or more conflicting beliefs (ex I know smoking is bad yet I still smoke)

oppositional identity

identity that emerges as a response to going against the norm/mainstream

social co-construction

Collaborative process of creating shared meaning or knowledge with others

identification

adopting another’s traits, behaviors or beliefs

induction

(aka generalization) the process where we draw a general conclusion from individual instances

Jargoning vs babbling

Babbling is when babies at 4-6 months make respective sounds (ba ba ba) Jargoning is when at 10-12 months babies will mimick adult speech, yet it is still nonsense words

Fragile X syndrome

genetic disorder, affects behavior and health

Links to autistic behavior, trouble with number sense

Turners Syndrome

missing or partially missing X chromosome, affecting health and growth

Symptoms: short stature, delayed puberty, webbed neck, learning disabilities, heart defect, verbal issues

Reye’s syndrome

swelling of the liver and brain due to an illness such as chickenpox

Cerebral palsy

cause by abnormal brain development or damage to the brain, affects muscle coordination and movement (static/ doesn’t worsen over time)

Absence seizure disorder

sudden brief blanking out spells caused by abnormal brain activity

Muscular dystrophy

muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass (worsens over time)

Cystic fibrosis

damage to the lungs and other organs (does not directly impact intellect)

dyspraxia

neurological condition affecting motor skills, orginization and coordination

spina bifida

spinal cord exposes, causing lower body paralysis

Intellectual challenges include difficulty with planning, attention and memory

Area formula- square/rectangle

A= l x w

Area formula- triangle

A= ½ b x h

area formula- circle

A= pie r squared

Area formula- parallelogram

A= b x h

Area formula- trapezoid

A= (a+b)/2 times h

Circle circumference formula

C= pie d

Surface Area formula- cube

SA= 6s squared

Surface Area formula- rectangular prism

SA= 2 (lw+ lh + wh)

Surface Area- cone

SA= pie x r squared+ pie x r x slant height

Surface Area- triangular pyramid and square prism

SA= sum of all face areas

Paralleogram

a four sided shape w two pairs of parallel sides

Surface area- triangular prism

SA= add up the areas of all the faces

Congruent

identical, in size and shape ( with angles and sides they have equal measure)

Perpendicular vs intersecting lines

perpendicular lines are a type of intersecting lines that must meet at a right angle, intersecting lines can meet at any point

Scalene triangle

No equal sides or angles

Isosceles triangle

2 equal sides and 2 equal angles

Median

Middle value from numerical order

Mode

most frequent value

Responsibilities shared by federal and state govt.

Taxation, establishing banks, administering courts, spending money for general welfare, establishing laws

Longitude vs Latitude

longitude is vertical (think LONG) latitude is horizontal (think lateral)

Cellular respiration

Process where cells turn nutrients and oxygen into energy (ATP) and release water and co2 as waste

Continents in Northern hemisphere

ALL OF North America, Europe MOST OF Africa and Asia SOME OF South America

Continents in Southern Hemisphere

ALL OF Antarctica, Australia, MOST OF South America SOME OF Africa

Continents in Western Hemisphere

ALL OF North and South America, SOME OF Africa, Antarctica, Europe and Asia

Continents in Eastern Hemisphere

ALL OF Australia MOST OF Europe, Asia and Africa SOME OF Antarctica

Direct vs representative democracy

direct democracy is where the people directly vote on laws vs a representiave democracy where the people vote on elected officials to then vote on laws on the peoples behalf

Popular Sovernity

the principle that the people hold the political authority (officals must serve the interest of the public)

Market Economy

A system where the production and distribution of goods are guided by individuals interaction with businesses rather than by a central government

Federal/enumerated powers

tariffs, borrowing money, commerce, naturalization rules, bankruptcy rules, coining money, creating post roads and offices, declaring war

State/reserved powers

Education, public health and safety, elections, family law,

Naturalization rules

• 18+

• Permanent resident for at least 5 years

How does a bill become a law?

• an idea is crafted (bill) and presented to either HOR or the senate

• The bill is sent for a committee review

• The bill is debated and voted on, then sent to the other chamber (HOR or senate)

• Is house and senate disagree, a conference committee with members from both chambers is held and they come to a compromise (conference report)

• Both house and senate must approve in a final vote

• Presidential action takes place

Pervasive Development Disorder

category of neurodevelopmental disorders primarily encompassed by autism disorders, characterized by social and communicative impairments and repetitive behaviors and interests

• ASD

• Retts syndrome

• Childhood Disintegrated Disorder

Childhood Disintegrated Disorder

Late onset (3-4 years) delays in language, social skills, and motor dev.

Resembles autism, reject social interaction

Rett Syndrome

Normal early development followed at 6-18 months where skills are lost, affects motor and language skills

Mostly occurs in girls, characterized by hand wringing and prolonged eye contact

Stages of Play

Unoccupied (0-3 months)

Solitary (0-2)

Onlooker (2)

Parallel (2+)

Associate (3-4)

Cooperative (4+)

Renaissance

1300-1500

Rebirth of art science and culture after the classical Antiguity period

Bridged Middle Ages and early modern era

Classical Antiguity

Greece and Roman ancient civilizations, built upon Bronze Age civilization, ended upon the fall of the western Roman Empire

Middle Ages/ Medevial

Characterized by feudalism (land for service), rise of the church, spread of the black plague

The Scientific Revolution

16-17th century, focus on natural laws in the universe, big on discoveries

Enlightenment

the scientific era 18th century where discoveries were applied to politics, reform,etc

Copernicus

Found the heliocentric model (places the sun not earth at the center of the universe)

Kepler

discovered laws of planetary motion (elliptical orbits, equal areas in equal times, and orbital period/distance relationship)

Galileo

Improved the telescope to then discover jupiters moons and the phases of Venus

Vesalius

Made anatomical disocvereis based on dissection

Boyles laws

Pressure and volume for gas is inversely proportional

Harvey

descibed circulation of blood

Leewenhoek

The microscope, discovered microorganisms

French Indian war/seven years war

French+native allies fought against Britain for expansion of colonization

Treaty of Paris

Britain secured all French territory east of Mississippi River

Britain heavily taxed the 13 colonies

Boston Massacre

British troops sent to Boston over tension over taxes

Boston tea party

sons of liberty/patriots disguised as natives, threw tea overboard on British ships

Second Continental congress

militias reorganized to form the continental army to follow Washington into battle