DEVPSYCH (LESSON 5)

Piaget’s

In ______ theory, children actively construct their own cognitive worlds, building mental structures to adapt to their world.

Behavioral Schemes

characterize infancy

Mental Schemes

Develop in childhood

Assimilation

Occurs when children use their existing schemes to deal with new information

Accommodation

It refers to children’s adjustment of their schemes in the face of new information.

Equilibration

a mechanism Piaget proposed to explain how children shift from one cognitive stage to the next

Simple Reflexes

First Habits and primary circular reactions

Secondary Circular Reactions

Coordination of Secondary circular reactions

Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity

Internalization of schemes

Six Substages of Sensorimotor Thought

Permanence

Ability to understand the objects continue to exist even when the infant is no longer observing them.

Spelke

_____ endorses a core knowledge approach, which states that infants are born with domain-specific innate knowledge systems.

Operant Conditioning Techniques

Useful to researchers in demonstrating infants’ perception and retention of information about perceptual-motor actions.

Attention

The focusing of mental resources on select information, and in infancy ____ is closely linked with habituation.

Habituation

The repeated presentation of the same stimulus, causing reduced attention to the stimulus.

Joint attention

It plays an important role in infant development, especially in the infant’s acquisition of language.

Memory

Retention of information over time.

Meltzoff

____ has shown that newborns can match their behaviors to a model.

Gesell’s Scale

It widely used by pediatricians to distinguish normal and abnormal infants; it provides a developmental quotient (DQ)

Language

A form of communication, whether spontaneous, written, or signed, that is based on a system of symbols.

Language

Consists of the words used by a community and the rules for varying and combining them.

Phonology

The sound system of the language, including the sounds that are used and how they may be combined.

Morphology

Refers to the units of meaning involved in word formation.

Syntax

The way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.

Semantics

Involves the meaning of words and sentences.

Pragmatics

The appropriate use of language in different contexta

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

5 Language’s Rule Systems

Chomsky

_____ argues that children are born with the ability to detect basic features and rules of language.