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Penal Substitution
Jesus paid the penalty for our sins and bore God’s wrath on the cross
Penal substitution
The Bible clearly teaches that Jesus died in our place for our sins.
Propitiation
the idea that Jesus’ death appeased God’s wrath.
Expiation
the removal of our guilt and the cleansing of our sins
Evangelicals agree (Expiation)
jesus died to cleanse us from our sins, remove our guilt, and save us from the consequence of our sins, death.
Evangelicals debate (Proppitiation)
Greek: Hilaskomai, Hilasterion, Hilasmos
means atoning sacrifice
Christus Victor
Jesus defeated Satan and the powers of darkness on the cross and set us free from our bondage that enslaved us to sin and death,
Soteriology
the study of the doctrine of salvation
Greek: Soter
“to save”
Conversion
Repentance & Faith, Regeneration, Justification, Adoption
Repentance
to have a change of mind and heart, to turn from a life of sin.
Greek: metanoia
to change one’s mind (repent)
Faith
trust in Jesus Christ as a living person for forgiveness of sins and eternal life with God
Regeneration
new spiritual life through the power of the holy spirit.
-new birth/born again
-
Justification
an instantaneous legal act of God in which he thinks of our sins as forgiven, as Christ’s righteousness belonging to us, and declares us to be righteous in his sight.
Justification
- a change of legal status from guilty to not guilty
-forgiveness of sins and removal of condemnation
-one’s being declared righteous in God’s sight because of Jesus
Imputed righteousness
Christ’s righteousness is reckoned or credited to us and becomes the legal basis of our acquittal of guilt for our sins.
Adoption
an act of God whereby he makes us members of His family.
Santification
The process of partnering with God to become godly, holy, and like Christ in our character.
T.U.L.I.P
Total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement, Irresistible grace, Perseverance of the saints.
Arminian Total Depravity
Fallen, sinful nature of humanity; every aspect of our nature is sinful and we are unable to save ourselves
Arminian Conditional election
God’s election is based on his foreknowledge of who will or will not choose him; a person’s salvation is conditioned upon their acceptance of God’s free gist of salvation
Arminianism: Jesus died for all
Jesus Christ died to pay the penalty for the sins of every person in the world.
Christology
Study of the person and works of Jesus Christ
Jesus is divine & human
1 person with 2 natures
Why was Jesus fully human?
To be our representative
To pay the substitutionary penalty of our sins
Theological significance to virgin birth
Bible says it happened
Demonstrates Jesus identity: human and God
Keeps Jesus from having a sinful nature
Unlike us, Jesus…
did not have a sinful nature
Jesus never sinned
tempted in every way, still did not sin?
Impeccability
the belief that Jesus could NOT have sinned
Peccability
the belief that Jesus could have sinned
Latin: peccare
“to sin”
Why is it important that Jesus is fully God?
Jesus had to be God because only God could save us
Heresy: Ebionites
Jesus not fully God. Was a regular human with unusual righteousness and wisdom. No virgin birth. “the Christ” descended on Jesus for a time.
Arianism
Jesus was God’s first and greatest creature (not fully God).“There was when he was not”. Condemned council of Nicea. Today with Jehovah’s witnesses.
Docetism
Jesus not fully human. Greek dokeo: “to seem or appear”. Jesus only seemed to be human.
Nestorianism
Jesus = 2 separate people (human person & divine person)
Eutychianism (Monophysitism)
Jesus only had 1 nature (divine nature trumped human nature)
Hypostatic union
the mysterious joining of the two natures, divine and human, in the one person of Jesus.
-Jesus = 1 person, 2 natures (divine & human)
Christology: Classical view
Jesus exercised both divine and human attributes at the same time
Christology: Kenosis
God had to empty himself to become a full human being. The Second Person of the Trinity temporarily laid aside the use of certain attributes during the incarnation in order to be fully human.
Atonement
The work Christ did in his death on the cross to accomplish our salvation.
What did Jesus’ death and resurrection accomplish?
Reconciled humanity to God
Dealt with sin and defeated death once and for all
Defeat Satan
Reconciliation
Jesus restores our relationship with God
Penal Substitution
Jesus paid the penalty for our sins and bore God’s wrath on the cross
Christus Victor
Jesus defeated Satan and the powers of darkness on the cross and set us free from our bondage that enslaved us to sin and death.
Propiation
the idea that Jesus’ death appeased God’s wrath
Expiation
the removal of our guilt and the cleansing of our sins
Evangelicals agree (expiation)
Jesus died to cleanse us from our sins, remove our guilt, and save us from the consequence of our sins, death
Evangelicals debate: (propitiation)
Did Jesus also die to appease God’s wrath?
Greek Hilaskomai, Hilasterion, Hilasmos
Atoning sacrifice
Soteriology
the study of the doctrine of salvation
Greek Soter
“to save”
The Process of Salvation
Conversion
Repentance & Faith
Regeneration
Justification
Adoption
Santification
Pneumatology
doctrine of the Holy Spirit
Repentance
To have a change of mind and heart, to turn from a life of sin.
Greek metanoia
Repent- to change one’s mind
Faith
Trust in Jesus Christ as a living person for forgiveness of sins and eternal life with God
Regeneration
new spiritual life through the power of the Holy Spirit.
-new birth/born again
-new creation
Justification
-a change of legal status from guilty to not guilty.
-forgiveness of sins and removal of condemnation.
-one’s being declared righteous in God’s sight because of Jesus.
Imputed Righteousness
Christ’s righteousness (right standing before God) is “reckoned” or credited to us and becomes the legal basis of our acquittal of guilt for our sins.
Adoption
An act of God whereby he makes us members of HIs family
Santification
The process of partnering with God to become godly, holy, and like Christ in our character
The 5 Articles of Remonstrance
Followers of Arminius outlined what they believed were the 5 problems of disagreement with Calvin’s teachings.
T.U.L.I.P
Total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement, Irresistible grace, Perseverance of the saints
Calvinism Total depravity
fallen, sinful nature of humanity; every aspect of our nature is sinful and we are unable to save ourselves
Calvinism Unconditional election
God’s sovereign choosing (election) of some people to salvation not based on anything they will do or any choice they will make (unconditional)
Limited atonement
Christ died only for the elect
Irresistible grace
God’s saving grace which he extends only to the elect which you can’t refuse or resist
Perseverance of the saints
can’t lose salvation
Arminianism’s tulip
Total depravity, Conditional election, Jesus died for all, Prevenient Grace, Perseverance of the saints?
Arminianism Total depravity
fallen, sinful nature of humanity; every aspect of our nature is sinful and we are unable to save ourselves
Conditional election
God’s election is based on his foreknowledge of who will or will not choose him; a person’s salvation is conditioned upon their acceptance of God’s free gift of salvation (ultimately the choice of the person, not God)
Jesus died for all
Jesus Christ died to pay the penalty for the sins of every person in the world. His saving grace is extended to all, but His atoning death becomes effective only in those who believe in Him and receive Him by faith.
Prevenient Grace
Grace is necessary for salvation
Perseverance of the saints
Arminians debate whether someone can or can’t lose their salvation.
Predestination & election- Calvinism
God predestines some people to be saved not based on anything they will do or any choice they make (God’s sovereign choice).
Predestination & election- Arminianism
God wants all people to be saved. Everyone has an opportunity through God’s grace to be saved, but it is the free choice of every person whether they will accept or reject God’s offer of salvation.
Elect
Those whom God has chosen and predestined for salvation and heaven.
The reprobate
Those whom God has not chosen and thus, are predestined for hell.
Conditional election
God’s election is based on his foreknowledge of who will not choose him; a person’s salvation is conditioned upon their acceptance of God’s free gift of salvation (ultimately the choice of the person, not God)
Corporate election
that ultimately, Christ is the “chosen one” and that anyone who places faith in Christ is now ‘in Christ’ and part of God’s elect, chosen people.
Limited atonement
Christ died only for the sins of the elect
Irresistible grace- Calvinism
To those whom God has chosen to save, God extends ‘irresistible grace,’ saving grace which people cannot resist or refuse. It changes their heart, will, and desires so that they will choose to believe in God.
Prevenient Grace- Arminianism
Grace that ‘goes before’ any participation of a person in the process of salvation. God gives prevenient grace to everyone, enabling all to freely choose to accept or reject the message of salvation.
Synergism- Arminianism
Salvation is a free gift of God but requires free cooperation for it to be activated in a person’s life
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