Exercise Physiology Practice Tests

combined practice tests from the semester

The precision with which a control system maintains homeostasis is termed

gain

In protein synthesis, the formation of mRNA is called

transcription

What is a rate-limiting enzyme in the aerobic synthesis of ATP in the mitochondria?

isocitrate dehydrogenase

In negative feedback, the response of the system is

opposite to that of the stimulus

The products of beta oxidation are:

NADH/H+, FADH2, Acetyl CoA

A chemical messenger is released from one cell that stimulates nearby cells is an example of:

paracrine signaling

Body temperature increases slightly during exercise. This would have an effect of:

increasing enzyme activity

Energy to run a maximal 400-meter race (ie. 50-60 seconds) comes from:

a combination of aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, with most of the ATP coming from anaerobic sources.

The primary fuel source during light intensity (25% VO2 max) exercise is:

plasma FFA

After the first few minutes of constant load, submaximal exercise, VO2 reaches steady state indicating that:

the ATP demand is being met aerobically

The simplest and most rapid method of producing ATP during exercise is through:

ATP-CP system (phosphagen system)

The two most important hydrogen (electron) carrier in bioenergetic chemical reactions are:

NAD and FAD

The purpose of the Carnitine Shuttle (ie CAT-1 and CAT-2) is to:

transport long chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix

The general components of a biological control system are the:

receptor, control center, and effector

Which of the following conditions would result in a higher EPOC

higher intensity of exercise

The accumulation of ____ would slow glycolysis by inhibiting its rate-limiting enzyme

ATP

Which of the following is true concerning VO2max

It is a valid measure of cardiovascular fitness

By definition, an endergonic reaction is

a chemical reaction that requires energy to be added to the reactants before the reaction will take place

When calculating the RQ, protein is often ignored. Why?

because protein generally plays a small role as a substrate

Elevated blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase may assist in the diagnosis of which medical condition?

myocardial infarction

The drift upward of VO2 during constant-load exercise in a hot environment is due to

increasing body temperature

The calculate efficiency for aerobic respiration is approximately

34%

What is the definition of a "motor unit"

a single motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it innervates

During every skeletal muscle contraction what happens to the muscle fibers?

During every muscle contraction, muscle fibers change length

Steroid hormones exert their effect by

altering the activity of DNA

The breakdown of ATP in muscle is accomplished via the enzyme

myosin ATPase

Which skeletal muscle fiber type can generate greater tension, fast-glycolytic or slow-oxidative?

fast glycolytic

___ refers to the ability of a neuron to respond to a stimulus

Irritability

As a result of training, the sympathetic nervous system's response to a fixed sub maximal work rate

is decreased

The summing of many EPSPs from a single pre-synaptic neuron over a short time period is called

temporal summation

The mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and glucose from liver glycogen would be stimulated by

a decrease in insulin and an increase in glucagon

What protein is the principal component of skeletal muscle thick filaments?

Myosin

During exercise, blood glucose concentration is maintained by

elevated mobilization of FFA from adipose tissue, increased rate of gluconeogenesis, and blocking entry of glucose into cells

A hormone that is released from the pancreas at a higher rate during exercise to mobilize liver glucose and adipose tissue fatty acid is

glucagon

TypeIIb/x fibers have

high specific tension

In skeletal muscle cells, calcium initiates contraction by binding to:

troponin

Nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the CNS are called

efferent fibers

An increase in blood temperature and a decrease in blood pH would result in ____ in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

a rightward shift

The pacemaker of the heart is normally what structure

sinoatrial node (SA node)

What structures are part of the anatomical dead space

bronchiole, bronchus, terminal bronchiole

In which form is most of the oxygen carried in arterial blood

bound to hemoglobin

During exercise, there is a decreased flow of blood to:

the abdominal organs

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood principally as

bicarbonate

in order to meet the increased oxygen demands of muscle during exercise, 2 major adjustments in blood flow must be made

an increase in cardiac output and a redistribution of blood flow from inactive tissue to skeletal muscles

What are the primary functions of blood plasma

transport of hormones, being osmotic in balance with red blood cells, providing clotting factors that are ready to be activated, having plasma proteins that exert an osmotic pressure favoring fluid absorption in to the capillaries

All gas exhange between the vascular system and tissues occurs in

capillaries

The primary purpose of the pulmonary system is

to provide an interface for gas exchange

Which of the following is the correct order of events pertaining to contraction of the left ventricle

The bundle branches depolarize, the ventricle contracts, the ventricular pressure increases, the aortic volume increases

Which of the following changes would most increase the resistance to blood flow in a blood vessel

halving the diameter of the vessel

T or F: Research demonstrates that respiratory muscle fatigue does not occur during exercise

false

During the cardiac cycle of an individual at rest:

the duration of diastole is greater than that of systole

The cardiovascular control center is located in the

medulla oblongata

In a healthy heart, the time spent in systole is generally

shorter than diastole

What is one function of the type II alveolar cells?

production of surfactant

Action potentials in the heart spread from cell to cell through:

gap junctions

Which of these correctly states differences between a trained athlete and a sedentary individual at rest?

The athlete would have a lower heart rate and larger stroke volume.

the muscle of the heart is referred to as the

myocardium