equations

Velocity (v)

d/t (m /s, cm/s, mm/µs)

Work (W)

Fd (J)

Frequency (f)

# cycles/ t (MHz, kHz, Hz)

Intensity (I)

P/area (mw/cm², W/m²)

Amp²

Wave length (入)

c/f (mm)

Propagation speed (c )

•c= 入(f) -when c is constant

•c= Z/p (mm/µs, m/s)

Stiffness (Z)

Z= c(p) (R, MR)

Compressibility (k)

Z~ 1/k

Elasticity (e)

Z~ 1/e

Power (P)

P=W/t or energy/t (W, mw)

Force (F)

F=ma (N = kg m/s²)

Period (T)

T= (1/f) (µs)

T= c/f

Density (p)

p= Z/c (kg/m³, gcm³)

Pulse repetition frequency (PRF)

#of pulses/ s (kHz)

1/PRP (kHz)

Pulse repetition period (PRP)

1/ PRF (ms)

2 Ways

D=c(t/2) (mm)

Duty factor (DF)

PD/PRP

PD(PRF)/1000

1 way

d= ct (mm)

Pulse duration (PD)

T(# of cycles/pulse)

1/f (# of cycles/pulse) (µs)

Spatial pulse length (SPL)

入(# of cycles/pulse)

c/f(# of cycles/pulse) (mm)

Band width (BW)

Highest f - lowest f (Hz)

Beam uniformity ratio (BUR)

SP/SA

Amplitude

I=Amp²

I=1/4

Transmission (T)

I - R (V)

Transmission coefficient (T)

1-R

T% = 100-R%

Snells law

Sinθi/sinθt = ci/ct

Refraction angle

ci/ct = θi/θt

Reflection coefficient (R)

[(Z1-Z2)/(Z1+Z2)]² or

[(Z1-Z2)/(Z1+Z2)]² x 100

Resistance (R)

8Lη / πr^4

Volumetric flow rate (Q)

ΔP/ R (mL/s)

Poiseuilles equation (Q)

ΔPπr^4/8Lη (mL/s)

ΔPπd^4/128Lη (mL/s)

Continuity rule (Q)

Vₐ(area)

Pressure (P)

Force/area

Doppler equation (fD)

(2/c)•v•fT•cosθ

Doppler shift (fD)

fR-fT

Nyquist limit (fD)

PRF/2