FORENSICS - Ch 1

Francis Galton

Introduced use of fingerprints in criminal investigation

Edmond Locard

Developed the concept of the exchange principle

Calvin Goddard

Worked in the field of ballistics

Alphonse Bertillon

Considered the father of criminalistics, devised anthropometry

Leone Lattes

Contributed to the development of blood typing and analysis

Albert Osborn

Expert in questioned document examination

Mathieu Orfila

Father of forensic toxicology

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

Author of Sherlock Holmes; contributed to prioritizing forensic science concepts

What are the titles of the person who performs an autopsy?

Pathologist, coroner, and medical examiner

What is an autopsy?

A medical examination of a body after death

What type of incision do you make in order to remove the organs during an autopsy?

Y-incision

What is the first step of any autopsy

To determine the exterior body

What are some factors that may account for different eyewitness accounts of the same events?

Amount of time that has passed, concentration, and prejudices

What is the goal of the Innocence Project?

To free those who have been wrongfully imprisoned and prove them innocent

Who opened the first forensic science lab in Lyon, France based upon his Principle of Exchange which applied to criminal activity in a crime scene

Edmond Locard

Who developed the first successful test for detecting arsenic in corpses?

Mathieu Orfila

What was Francis Henry Galton’s contribution to forensic science?

Classified fingerprints

Who used a comparison microscope to determine if a particular gun fired a bullet?

Calvin Goddard

Who incorporated Gross’ principles within a workable crime laboratory?

Edmond Locard

What was Hans Gross’ contribution to forensic science?

He stated that anywhere anyone goes, they leave something behind. This was later used by Edmond Locard in forensic science to create the Locard exchange principle

What people were the very first to recognize the potential of fingerprints as a means of identification, as well as the invention of gunpowder?

The Chinese

What did Albert Osborn contribute to the study of forensic science?

Developed fundamental principles of document examination

Who developed a procedure to determine blood type from dried bloodstains?

Leone Lattes

Rigor mortis

Immediately following death, the muscles relax and then become rigid, shortening the muscles

Livor mortis

When the human heart stops pumping, the blood begins to settle in the parts of the body closest to the ground due to gravity. The skin will appear dark blue or purple in these lower areas close to the ground

Algor mortis

The process in which the body temperature continually cools after death until it reaches room temperature, enabling the medical examiner to establish the general time of death