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Biology - CIE
Biology Definitions (Genetics, variation, evolution, cloning and GM)
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Biology - CIE
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17 Terms
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Inheritance
the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
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Chromosomes
A thread of DNA, made up of a string of genes
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Gene
A length of DNA that is the unit of heredity and codes for a specific protein.
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Locus
position of a gene on a chromosome
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Allele
Any two or more alternative forms of a gene
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Haploid
a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes
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Diploid
a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes
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sex chromosomes
X and Y chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
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Allele
An alternative form of a gene.
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Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present
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Phenotype
physical characteristics of an organism
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Variation
differences between individuals of the same species
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Discontinuous variation
caused by genetics alone and the characteristic will fall 'easily' into distinct categories
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continuous variation
usually caused by both genes and the environment and is usually polygenic
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genetic engineering
moving a gene from an organism of one species organism of another
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transgenic organism
contains DNA/genetic material from a different species
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Clones
genetically identical organisms
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