fluids and reproductive system

If we injected lactic acid into the bloodstream of a resting individual and measure arterial pH, the pH would be

a. Low

b. High

c. Unchanged

low

If we injected lactic acid into the bloodstream of a resting individual,

a. Ventilation would increase.

b. Ventilation would decrease.

c. Ventilation would not change.

ventilation would increase

If we drank a solution that had the same osmolarity as our extracellular fluid, but the only solute was potassium, intracellular fluid volume would 

a. Increase

b. Decrease

c. Not change

increase

If a person's respiratory rate increases from 12/minute to 16 per minute with no change in tidal volume, but there is no change in arterial PO2 or PCO2, the respiratory system would be 

a. Increasing pH 

b. Decreasing pH

c. Maintaining pH

maintaining pH

Which of the following numbers might represent arterial blood measurements of a human shortly after arriving at 14,000 feet?

a. pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, bicarb = 32 mEq/L

b. pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 20 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

c. pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, bicarb = 32 mEq/L

d. pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 20 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

e. pH = 7.4, PCO2 = 40 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

7.6, 20, 24

Given the following numbers from systemic arterial blood, what disorder would you expect? pH = 7.6 PCO2 = 50 mm Hg Bicarb = 30 mEq/L

a. Emphysema

b. Diarrhea

c. Vomiting

d. Recent arrival at altitude

e. Diabetic ketoacidosis

vomiting

Shortly after arriving at altitude, the pH of a person would be

a. High

b. Low

c. Normal

high

Please interpret the following acid/base imbalance: pH = 7.2 PCO2 = 25 mm Hg Bicarb = 16 mEq/L

a. Respiratory acidosis without renal compensation

b. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation

c. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

d. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation

metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

If we inject someone with lactic acid, which of the following numbers would make sense?

a. pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

b. pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 16 mEq/L

c. pH = 7.4, PCO2 = 40 mm Hg, Bicarb = 24 mEq/L

d. pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 16 mEq/L

e. pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

7.2, 25, 16

Which of the following numbers would make sense shortly after arriving at high altitude?

a. pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

b. pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 24 mEq/L

c. pH = 7.4, PCO2 = 40 mm Hg, Bicarb = 24 mEq/L

d. pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 24 mEq/L

e. pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

7.6, 25, 24

If a person's respiratory rate increases from 12/minute to 16 per minute with no change in tidal volume, but there is no change in arterial PO2 or PCO2, they are

a. Hyperventilating

b. Hypoventilating

c. Euventilating (neither hyperventilating nor hypoventilating)

euventilating

In epithelial tissue, if bicarbonate moves to one side of the tissue, which of the following moves to the other?

a. Sodium

b. Potassium

c. Calcium

d. Chloride

e. Bicarbonate

chloride

As women approach menopause, the number of follicles capable of developing to maturity

a. Climbs to high levels

b. Drops to low levels

drops to low levels

Which of the following is commonly used as male birth control?

a. Surgically cutting the ductus deferens

b. Oral hormones

c. Prostate medication

d. Medications that prevent release of renin

surgically cutting the ductus deferens

The first menstrual cycle of a female is called 

a. Menarche

b. Menopause

c. Ovulation

d. Uteration

e. Ovaration

menarche

The correct order in which sperm passes through the reproductive tract is

a. Prostatic urethra – epididymis – spongy urethra - ductus deferens - outside the body

b. Epididymis - ductus deferens - prostatic urethra - spongy urethra – outside the body

c. Ductus deferens – epididymis – spongy urethra – prostatic urethra – outside the body

d. Spongy urethra – ductus deferens – prostatic urethra – epididymis – outside the body

e. Epididymis – Spongy urethra – prostatic urethra – ductus deferens – outside the body

Epididymis - ductus deferens - prostatic urethra - spongy urethra – outside the body

The correct order in which an Oocyte travels through the female reproductive system is

a. Uterus – uterine tube – ovary

b. Ovary – uterine tube – uterus

c. Uterine tube - ovary – uterus

d. Uterine tube – uterus – ovary

ovary - uterine tube - uterus

Which of the following most directly stimulates sperm production in the male and follicle development in the female?

a. GnRH

b. Testosterone

c. LH

d. FSH

FSH

Pills containing estrogen and progesterone are used to

a. Promote pregnancy by promoting development of ovarian follicles early in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

b. Promote pregnancy by blocking menstruation

c. Prevent pregnancy by stimulating the release of GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone), FSH, and LH

d. Prevent pregnancy by blocking the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH

prevent pregnancy by blocking the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH

The male gonad is the

a. Ovary

b. Uterus

c. Penis

d. Testis

e. Anterior pituitary gland

testis

The female gonad is the

a. Ovary

b. Uterus

c. Penis

d. Testis

e. Anterior pituitary gland

ovary

Testosterone is released from which location

a. Hypothalamus

b. Adrenal gland

c. Anterior pituitary

d. Testes

testes

During menses, which layer of the uterus is lost

a. Perimetrium

b. Myometrium

c. Endometrium

endometrium

The hormone most directly responsible for ovulation is

a. LH

b. Estrogen

c. Progesterone

d. Testosterone

LH

In the male reproductive system, development of sperm occurs primarily in the

a. Urethra

b. Epididymis

c. Prostate gland

d. Seminiferous tubules

seminiferous tubules

Please choose numbers you might expect to see from someone who has been vomiting for 24 hours:

a. pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

b. pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 16 mEq/L

c. pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 16 mEq/L

d. pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

7.6, 60, 32

The major intracellular cation is

a. Sodium

b. Potassium

c. Calcium

d. Chloride

e. Bicarbonate

potassium

Which of the following numbers might represent arterial blood measurements of a human one week after arriving at 14,000 feet? (assume the person has not yet completely adapted)

a. pH = 7.3, PCO2 = 50 mm Hg, bicarb = 32 mEq/L

b. pH = 7.3, PCO2 = 30 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

c. pH = 7.5, PCO2 = 50 mm Hg, bicarb = 32 mEq/L

d. pH = 7.5, PCO2 = 30 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

e. pH = 7.5, PCO2 = 30 mm Hg, bicarb = 19 mEq/L

7.5, 30, 19

Many choice (choose 3): Imagine a drug that shuts down the glycolytic pathway.  In this case 

a. Acetyl CoA levels within cells would rise

b. Acetyl CoA levels within cells would fall

c. Ketoacids in the blood would rise

d. Ketoacids in the blood would fall

e. Blood pH would rise

f. Blood pH would fall

acetyl CoA levels within cells would rise. ketoacids in the blood would rise, blood pH would fall

If a person's arterial blood gas numbers were as follows, the person is ______________. 

PO2 = 85 mm Hg

PCO2 = 30 mm Hg

a. Hyperventilating

b. Hypoventilating

c. Euventilating (neither hyperventilating nor hypoventilating)

hyperventilating

If a person's respiratory rate increases from 12/minute to 16 per minute with no change in tidal volume, but there is no change in arterial PO2 or PCO2, the respiratory system would be 

a. Increasing pH 

b. Decreasing pH

c. Maintaining pH

maintaining pH

If we injected lactic acid into the bloodstream of a resting individual,

a. Ventilation would increase.

b. Ventilation would decrease.

c. Ventilation would not change.

ventilation would increase

Which of the following numbers might represent arterial blood measurements of a person with diarrhea?

a. pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, bicarb = 32 mEq/L

b. pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 20 mm Hg, bicarb = 16 mEq/L

c. pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, bicarb = 32 mEq/L

d. pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 20 mm Hg, bicarb = 16 mEq/L

e. pH = 7.4, PCO2 = 40 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

7.2, 20, 16

Young males taking exogenous testosterone would be expected to have a

a. Higher than normal sperm count due to stimulation of GnRH release

b. Higher than normal sperm count due to inhibition of GnRH release

c. Lower than normal sperm count due to stimulation of GnRH release

d. Lower than normal sperm count due to inhibition of GnRH release

lower than normal sperm count due to inhibition of GnRH release

The female oral contraceptive pill functions by

a. Negatively regulating the secretion of GnRH

b. Positively regulating the secretion of GnRH

c. Increasing the basal stress response and cortisol secretion

negatively regulating the secretion of GnRH

In the female, fertilization normally occurs in the

a. Ovary

b. Uterine tube

c. Uterus

d. Testicle

e. Urethra

uterine tube

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is synthesized in the uterus upon implantation/pregnancy. If we assumed no other endocrine changes at the beginning of pregnancy, you would expect hCG to __________ the life of the corpus luteum.

a. Increase

b. Decrease

increase

The major extracellular cation is

a. Sodium

b. Potassium

c. Calcium

d. Chloride

e. Bicarbonate

sodium

When there are no more primordial follicles remaining, a female will enter

a. Menarche

b. Menopause

c. Ovulation

d. Uteration

e. Ovaration

menopause

The erectile tissue in a female is the

a. Vagina

b. Clitoris

c. Labia majora

d. Labia minora

e. Uterus

clitorus

Many choice: The female oral contraceptive pill relies on

 

a. Negative feedback to prevent development of follicles in the ovary

 

b. Negative feedback to inhibit hormones that stimulate ovulation

 

c. Positive feedback to promote the LH surge

negative feedback to prevent development of follicles in the ovary, negative feedback to inhibit hormones that stimulate ovulation

Please interpret the following acid/base imbalance: pH = 7.2 PCO2 = 60 mm Hg Bicarb = 24 mEq/L

a. Respiratory acidosis without renal compensation

b. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation

c. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

d. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation

respiratory acidosis without renal compensation

If we injected lactic acid into a resting individual, hemoglobin leaving a systemic capillary would be

a. More saturated with oxygen.

b. Less saturated with oxygen.

c. Oxygen saturation would not change.

less saturated with oxygen