APUSH 6-7 Lessons 17-20

Black Tuesday

The day the stock market crashes

Dust Bowl

Event that occurred in the plains of the USA

• natural - high winds and lack of rain

• Manuel - bad farming practices and exhaustion of soil

• Destroyed crops - lost of jobs for farmers

Okies

Oklahoma dust bowl refugees that come to California for work

Grapes of Wrath

Realist story by John Steinbeck

• Accurately depicted the life of an Okie family

Rugged individualism

The idea of self-reliance and independence

• Emphasize of personal liberty

• Individuals can succeed with minimal government intervention

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Senator Reed (Utah) and Rep Hawley (Oregon)

• Raised tariffs on imported goods

• Intended to help farmers and American businesses

  • Made the Great Depression worse

Bonus Army

When a group of World War I veterans marched on Washington DC demanding early payment of their promised bonuses

• President Herbert Hoover sends the army to restore order

• The ppl hate him

Hoovervilles

Campsites of sheds and tents - lived in by ppl who lost their homes in the Great Depression

• There were also:

• Blankets

• Flags

Keynesian Economics

An economic theory that advocates for government intervention (John Maynard Keynes)

• Increase spending in lower taxes to stimulate demand and pull the economy out of the depression

Relief, Recovery, Reform

The 3 R’s

• This was for the unemployed and the poor

• This was for the economy to get back to normal levels

• This was for the financial system to prevent another depression

Fireside Chats

Informal radio addresses delivered by President Franklin D Roosevelt

• Kept Americans informed while giving them hope for a better future

• Made the ppl love him

Frances Perkins

The first woman to serve in a presidential cabinet as secretary of labor under FDR

• Key figure in the New Deal

• Instrumental in shaping social welfare policies

Eleanor Roosevelt

Wife of FDR

• Prominent political figure

• Activist

• Diplomat

  • Worked to advance civil and human rights

lowkey she and her man didn’t have love but respect for eachother

U.S. vs Butler

This is when the Supreme Court ruled the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) unconstitutional

• Congress didn’t have the power to regulate agricultural production as this was reserved for the states

Schecter vs. US

Sick Chicken Case

• The Supreme Court declared the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) unconstitutional

• The president can’t regulate interstate commerce

Court Packing

The idea of the president filling the Supreme Court with people who follow their ideals

• FDR was shamed for this bc he already was getting almost everything he wanted done

• Made him seem like a monarch/dictator

Francis Townsend

Created the idea of an elderly pension

• Wanted the elderly to gain more needed money

• Inspo for Social Security

Father Charles Coughlin

The Catholic Priest and radio personality

• Beefed with the New Deal

  • It was a betrayal of the American people and promoted a vision of economic reform that included nationalizing banks

• Bro was antisemitic?? Herro?!

  • And a fascist?

• Brother was SILENCED by the Catholic Church

Huey Long - Share Our Wealth

Radical program to redistribute wealth and provide a decent sanity of living for all Americans

• Basically communism

• “Every Man a King” speech

CIO - John Lewis

Congress of Industrial Organizations

• Federation of unions

• Organized industrial workers

  • Especially in mass-production industries

• Broke away from the AFL in 1938

Sit-Down Strike

A type of strike were everyone refuses to work but, they stay at the workplace

• No scabs can come and work

Washington Naval Conference

The disarmament conference that addressed the naval arms race in promoted peace and stability

• Omg guys stop building warships pls

4, 5, 9 Power Treaties

Agreements made at the Washington Naval Conference

• Aimed to limit naval arms in promoting peace

• (4) Pacific Security

• (5) naval disarmament

• (9) Open Door Policy in China

Dawes Plan

A financial arrangement that originated from the United States

• The US would loan money to Germany

• The Germans would pay their reparations to France and Britain

• France and Britain would pay back their debts to the United States

Stimulated world economy

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Peace is Greeaaaaat 🐯

• No punishments or anything just that peace is awesome

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR’s foreign policy with Latin American Nations

• Promoting cooperation and trade over military intervention

• Shift from previous USA policies

Neutrality Act

A series of laws that prevented the USA from being drawn into foreign conflicts and affairs

• Restricting arm, sales and financial assistance to warring nations

• Strong isolationist sentiment after WW1

Quarantine Speech

When FDR said that the US is going to quarantine against aggressive nations

• isolationist saw this as FDR picking as side in the war

• It’s not giving neutrality

Appeasement

The idea of making concessions to aggressive power to avoid war

• failed heavy

• “Omg Germany! Stawpppp”

  • But nothing was done??!?!

Cash and Carry Policy

Allowed countries at war to purchase goods from the US

• They had to use their own ships

• They had to pay with cash

• Helped Britain a ton - but still “neutral”

Selective Service Act of 1940

First peace time draft in US history

• Required men of a certain age range to register for the draft

• Prepared the military for potential WWII involvement

Destroyers for Bases Deal

1940 agreement between USA and Britain

• The US transfers, old warships in exchange for British bases in Western Hemisphere

• US gets air and naval bases

Election of 1940

FDR breaks 2 term tradition as he crushed Republican Wendell Willkie

• Ppl loved him after the New Deal

• They wanted someone experienced as they felt threaten by the war

Arsenal of Democracy

FDR’s vision: The United States would supply weapons and resources to the allied nations during World War II

• NOT directly entering conflict

4 Freedoms Speech

FDR says he’s going to support countries who provide the four freedoms to their people (Allies)

• Freedom of speech

• Freedom of worship

• Freedom from wants

• Freedom from fear

Lend Lease Act

The US would lend or lease war materials, and weapons to the allied powers on credit, rather than selling

• Countries would owe USA $

Atlantic Charter

FDR + Churchill

• The outlined goals for postwar world

  • Emphasizing self-determination

  • No territorial expansion

  • And economic cooperation

Hella similar to the 14 points

Shoot on Sight Policy

FDR orders the US Navy and Air Force to attack any German war vessel they encountered

• Unofficially puts the US at a naval war with Germany without officially joining the war

Pearl Harbor

A surprise military strike by Japan on the US Pacific fleet in Hawaii

• Dec 7th was the bombing

• Dec 8th was the declaration of war

Didn’t destroy the entire fleet like they thought it would

Made Americans RAH RAH abt the war

Executive Order 9066

FDR Authorized the force removal and internment of Japanese Americans/Aliens

• Reflected wartime fears and racial prejudice

• Wild work tbh

Korematsu vs. U.S.

Court case that said that the government can violate civil liberties during wartime - citing national security concerns

• forced my goat into an internment camp

• No trial no nothin