CH. 5: z-Scores: Location of Scores and Standardized Distributions

Raw Score

an original, untransformed score obtained directly from measurement, before any statistical adjustments or calculations are applied

z-Score

a z-score specifies the precise location of each z-score (+ or -) signifies whether the score is above the mean (positive) or below the mean (negative). the numerical value of the z-score specifies the distance from the mean by counting the number of standard deivations between x and mu

Deviation Score

the difference between an individual raw score and the mean of the distribution, calculated a x-x (for a sample) or x - mu (for a population)

z-Score Transformation

a statistical method that converts raw scores into standardized scores (z-scores) by expressing how many standard deviations a value is above or below the mean

Standardized Distribution

is composed of scores that have been transformed to create predetermined values for mu and o. standardized distributions are used to make dissimilar distributions comparable

Standardized Score

a score that has been transformed to indicate its position relative to the mean in terms of standard deviation units, allowing comparison across different distribution