Modern Mexico Midterm Study Guide

Porfirio Diaz

This man was a military hero turned dictator who is said to have brought stability to Mexico.

1877-1911

How long did the Porfirato last?

Los Rurales

This police force was meant to maintain order and curb opposition to the Diaz regime.

Los Cientificos

These guys were Diaz’s advisors, and technocrats, and used positive science.

Jose Yves Limantour

Who was Diaz’s Minister of Treasury?

Jose Guadalupe Posada

This guy created social/political satire images.

Flores Magon brothers

These guys were part of a liberal club, and wrote anarchist newspapers.

1908

When was the Creelman interview?

Francisco Madero

This man had an elite background, established an Anti-Reelectionist Center of Mexico, and was arrested and exiled by Diaz.

Diaz, Madero, & Bernard Reyes (Diaz’s general)

Who were the candidates for the 1910 election?

Plan de San Luis Potosi

What was the document written by Madero on November 20th,1910 that promoted reinstatement of democracy, and called to rise up against the regime.

Pan o Palo

This slogan was meant to state that obedience to Diaz’s policies would ensure livelihood, even wealth, but failure to agree would bring sure reprisals

November 20, 1910

When did the Mexican Revolution began?

Paul Orozco

Who was the man who had success in Chihuahua, defeated the Federal Army on January 1911, and then captured Ciudad Juarez on May 1911

May 25, 1911

When did Diaz resign from the presidency?

Francisco Leon de la Barra

Who was interim president after Diaz resigned?

1911-1913

Madero’s presidency lasted from when to when?

Victoriano Huerta

Who overthrew Madero from the presidency and established an authoritarian rule until he was exiled and died in 1916

October 1914

When was the Aguascalientes Convention held?

To resolve differences among various factions of the Revolution, meant to establish a united government, and select interim president

What were the aims of the Aguascalientes Convention?

Eualalio Gutierrez

Who was the interim president selected at the Aguascalientes Convention?

Pancho Villa

This guy was an outlaw, bandit, and was known as the leader of the División del Norte. He is credited for creating hospital trains, and advocating for land redistribution and free education before he was assassinated in 1923.

Emiliano Zapata

This guy was based in Morelos and called for land reform in his famous document, Plan de Ayala. He was assassinated 1919.

Yaqui

This Indigenous population was negatively affected by Mexico’s modernization (in mining) and was an exploited labor force.

Mayo

This Indigenous population was displaced by landowners and foreign corporation. They too were an exploited labor force, but did not regain land after the Revolution

Soldaderas

What was the term for the women that were camp followers during the Revolution, and contributed in various ways?

1918

When was the Spanish Flu outbreak in Mexico?

Venustiano Carranza

This guy was a politician from Coahuila during Diaz dictatorship. He was Madero associate, and was elected president in 1917 before he was assassinated in 1920.

1917

When was the new Mexican

Constitution drafted?

– Land reform

– Workers rights

– Reclaim mineral and oil rights

for Mexico

– No re-election

What were some aspects of the new Mexican

Constitution?

Over 1 million

What was the death toll of the Mexican Revolution?

Álvaro Obregón

This guy is attributed to being a military hero of the Mexican Revolution, and was president from 1920 to 1924.

Secretaria de Educacion Publica (SEP)

This government agency called for an expansion of public education, and “Cultural Missions”

José Vasconcelos

This guy was the Minister of Education, and in 1925 wrote an essay that has a positive view of Mestizos called “La Raza Cósmica” (The Cosmic Race)

Diego Rivera

Flower Day (1925), The New School (1923), History of Mexico [Mexico of Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow] (1935), was painted by this artist who was known for his depiction of Mexicans from lower social levels.

Jose Clemente Orozco

The Trench (1926), and From the Dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz to the Revolution (1957-1965) was painted by this man

Plutarco Elías Calles

This man was the General who opposed Huerta and Villa, and held both the titles of Governor of Sonora and Secretary of the Interior. He was elected president in 1924 and established the Partido Nacional Revolucionario (later PRI)

• Land Distribution

• Expansion of Education System

• Public Health

What were some reforms under Calles?

Confederación Regional Obrera Mexicana

(CROM) [Mexican Regional Workers

Confederation]

This was the first nationwide labor union established in 1918 that Calles’ labor policies was favorable to

Luis Morones

This guy established CROM and was appointed Secretary of Labor by Calles

Cristero Rebellion

What was the rebellion that lasted from 1926-1929, and was brought on due to Calles’ anti-clerical previsions in the Constitution of 1917

90,000

How many people died during the Cristero Rebellion?

Jose de Leon Toral

This guy assassinated Alvaro Obregón due to allegedly being radicalized by Madre Conchita

1928-1934

The Maximato, where Calles returned to power without holding the title of presidency as a puppet master, lasted from when to when?

April 21, 1914

When did Woodrow Wilson deploy US military to Veracruz, blocking a shipment of arms from Germany to Victoriano Huerta, where 193 Mexicans died along with 19 American soldiers?

March 9, 1916

When did Pancho Villa invade Columbus, New Mexico?

200,000 to 600,000

From 1910 -1930, the number of Mexican immigrants to the U.S. tripled from what to what?

1924

Border Patrol was established when?

60%

In the 1930s, 350,000 to 1 million people were

deported to Mexico. How many of them were American citizens?

Frida Kahlo

Self-Portrait on the Border Line Between Mexico and the United States (1932) was painted by who?

David Alfaro Siqueiros

Tropical America (1932) was a mural in LA that criticized American imperialism and was painted by who?

The Good Neighbor Policy

FDR established this foreign policy in 1933 to improve diplomatic relations with Latin American nations

May 23, 1942

When did Mexico entered WWII?

Bracero Program

This program was established in 1942, where Mexican workers go to the U.S. to labor in agriculture. In Spring 1943, work expanded to include non-agriculture work too

300,000

How many Braceros worked in the US during wartime?

4.6 million

From 1942 to 1964, how many Bracero contracts were signed?

June 1943

When was the Zoot Suit Riots?

Roberto Alvarez vs. the Lemon Grove School District

This case took place in San Diego County in 1931, and was one of the earliest school desegregation court decisions

Mendez v. Westminster

This case took place in Orange County from 1946 to 1947, and officially desegregated public schools in CA

1964

The Bracero Program ended which year?

False

True or False? The Cristo Rebellion rebels were well armed and led by Vatican official.

Obregon

The 1928 consecutive term election thing meant to benefit which president?