reconstruction and guilded age

What did the 13th Amendment do?

It abolished slavery completely.

Who killed Abraham Lincoln?

John Wilkes Booth.

What was the Freedman's Bureau?

An agency created to protect freedmen and educate them, ensuring they were treated right and could find jobs.

What were the Black Codes?

Laws enacted by Southern regimes to regulate the actions of blacks, effectively mocking the ideal of freedom.

What did the 14th Amendment affirm?

It affirmed the rights of freedmen, granting them protection and more equality by declaring that anyone born or raised in the U.S. is a citizen.

What were the Redeemers?

White Southerners, typically Democrats, who aimed to restore white supremacy after the Civil War.

What is sharecropping?

An arrangement where white plantation owners allowed freedmen to work on plantations for minimal payment, often making it hard for them to support themselves.

What significance did the Compromise of 1877 hold?

It ended Reconstruction by removing federal troops from the South and allowing certain State Governments to collapse.

Why was Ross's vote in Johnson's impeachment trial important?

Ross's not guilty vote meant that the 2/3 majority required for conviction was not achieved.

What was a main characteristic of Grant's presidency?

Corruption, despite him being a good man and general.

What did the Montgomery Bus Boycott signify?

It marked the beginnings of the civil rights movement in the United States.

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

A titan of the steel industry who created the first billion-dollar company.

What did the Statue of Liberty symbolize?

It represented freedom and opportunity in America, given by France as a centennial gift.

What was the inspection process like at Ellis Island?

It lasted only 6 seconds and focused on checking for diseases, mental illness, or criminal records.

How did railroad expansion contribute to the U.S. becoming a world power?

It enabled a national economy, improved shipping, and stimulated industrial growth.

What was the significance of the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling?

It upheld segregation under the doctrine of 'separate but equal'.

What was the attitude of many former Confederates towards the Union after the war?

They initially did not want to swear an oath of allegiance to the Union.

What was one major issue faced during the Reconstruction period?

Deciding what to do with Confederate leaders after the war.

What did the 15th Amendment accomplish?

It granted all male citizens the right to vote, especially focused on freedmen.

Why did Northern politicians often become corrupt during the Reconstruction era?

Many were more interested in power and profit than in helping freedmen or rebuilding the South.

What did Thomas Nast's cartoons expose?

They exposed the corruption associated with Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall.

How did immigration in America change from the 1880s to 1913?

The majority of immigrants came from Eastern and Southern Europe instead of other regions.