Contraptions

Contraception

The deliberate prevention of pregnancy.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) / Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Contagious diseases or infections spread by sexual contact.

Why is 'STI' considered more correct than 'STD'?

'STI' is generally more correct because a person can be infected and able to infect others without showing signs of disease.

Sterilization

Permanent surgical methods to prevent sperm from reaching an egg, considered very reliable.

Tubal ligation

A sterilization procedure where the oviducts are cut and tied off in females.

Vasectomy

A sterilization procedure where the vas deferens are cut in males, preventing sperm from reaching the urethra.

Hormonal Contraception

Methods using hormones (estrogen & progestin combinations or progestin only) to prevent pregnancy.

What are IUDs?

Devices inserted into the uterus, with copper IUDs lasting up to 10 years and hormonal IUDs lasting 3-5 years.

Emergency Contraception

Methods used after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy, such as morning-after pills and copper IUDs.

Barrier Contraception

Methods that physically prevent sperm from meeting an egg, including diaphragms, cervical caps, and condoms.

Rhythm Method/Natural Family Planning

Temporary abstinence based on refraining from intercourse during ovulation.

Withdrawal Method

Removal of the penis before ejaculation; considered unreliable.

Abstinence

Avoiding intercourse; the only totally effective method of contraception.

Essure

A non-surgical permanent birth control method for women; associated with complaints and complications.

Vasalgel

A reversible vasectomy method in development.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

A risk associated with long-term hormonal contraception.

RU-486

A medication that can induce abortion.

Spermicides

Chemicals that kill sperm, often used with barrier methods.

Gardasil

HPV vaccine recommended for boys and girls at age 11.

Chlamydia

The most frequently reported bacterial STD in the U.S..

How common is HPV?

HPV is extremely common; nearly all sexually active people will get it at some point.

Genital herpes stats

Genital herpes affects about 16% of people aged 14-49 in the U.S.; many are asymptomatic but can still transmit the virus.

HIV in the U.S.

More than 1.2 million people in the U.S. live with HIV; about 14% are unaware of their infection.

What is notable about viral STIs?

Viral STIs are generally lifelong.

What is notable about bacterial, protozoan, and fungal STIs?

They are usually curable with medication.

Contraceptive effectiveness

Many contraceptive methods do not protect against STIs; only barrier methods provide significant protection.