anatomy lesson 4 - axial skeleton day2

how many bones in vertebral column

26

five major divisions of vertebral column

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

how many bones in cervical

7

how many bones in thoracic

12

how many bones in lumbar

5

how many bones in sacral

5

how many bones in coccygeal

3-5

parts of intervertebral discs

annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

annulus fibrosus

strong outer layer of fibrocartilage

nucleus pulposus

inner gelatinous core

outwardly bowing curves retained from fetal position

primary curvatures

examples of primary curvatures

thoracic and sacral

inward bowing that bring spine into overall upright position

secondary curvatures

examples of secondary curvatures

cervical and lumbar

cervical curvature

develops when infants hold their heads up

lumbar curvature

develops when toddlers begin to stand

formed by successive vertebral foramina

vertebral canal

what is C1 called

atlas

what is C2 called

axis

what is C7 called

vertebra prominens

transverse foramina

openings that transmit vertebral arteries

when are bifid spinous process present

C2-C7

what vertebrae have superior costal demifacets

T2-T9

what vertebra have inferior costal demifacets

T1-T9

what vertebrae have full costal facet

T1, T10-T12

what fuses to form the sternum

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

true ribs

ribs 1-7

false ribs

ribs 8-12

floating ribs

ribs 11-12

inferior margin of the rib cage, formed by the costal cartilages of ribs 7-10

costal margin

name the bone

atlas, C1

name the bone and highlighted (pink/blue)

C1, lateral masses

name the bone and highlighted (green/blue)

C1, superior articular facets

name the bone and highlighted (magenta/green)

C1, inferior articular facet

name the bone and highlighted (pink)

C1, anterior arch

name the bone and highlighted (pink)

C1, posterior arch

name the bone and highlighted (green)

C1, facet for dens

name the bone and highlighted (green)

C1, posterior tubercle

name the bone and highlighted (pink/red)

transverse foramina

which vertebra have transverse foramina

cervical vertebra

name the bone

C2, axis

name the bone and highlighted (pink)

dens

name the bone and highlighted (pink)

C2, body

structure #13

vertebral foramen

structure #14

bifid spinous process

structure #1

superior costal demifacet

structure #3

transverse costal facet

structure #4

transverse process

structure #5

pedicle

structure #6

lamina

structure #7

vertebral arch

structure #1

superior costal demifacet

structure #2

inferior costal demifacet

structure #3

transverse costal facet

structure #4

transverse process

structure #6

lamina

structure #8

superior articular process

surface #9

superior articular facet

structure #10

inferior articular proces

structure #12

full costal facet

structure #2

inferior costal demifacet

structure #3

transverse costal facet

structure #12

full costal facet

structure #5

pedicle

structure #10

inferior articular process

structure #11

inferior articular facet

name the type of vertebrae

thoracic

name the type of vertebrae

lumbar

structure #1

body

structure #2

transverse process

structure #3

spinous process

structure #4

superior articular process

structure #5

superior articular facet

structure #6

inferior articular process

structure #1

body

structure #2

transverse process

structure #3

spinous process

structure #4

superior articular process

structure #5

superior articular facet

structure #6

inferior articular process

structure #7

inferior articular facet

structure #8

pedicle

structure #9

lamina

name the bone and view

sacrum, anterior

structure #1

superior articular process

structure #7

sacral promontory

structure #4

anterior sacral foramina

structure #8

ala

structure #9

transverse ridges

name the bone and view

sacrum, posterior

structure #2

superior articular facet

structure #3

sacral canal

structure #5

posterior sacral foramina

structure #6

sacral hiatus

structure #10

median sacral crest

structure #11

lateral sacral crest

structure #12

auricular surface

structure #1

manubrium

structure #2

jugular notch

structure #3

sternal angle