Chapter 6: Cartilage and Bone Tissue

These flashcards cover the functional properties, growth, and anatomy of cartilage and bone tissue as discussed in Chapter 6.

Cartilage

A flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body such as joints, ear, and nose.

Three types of cartilage

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage.

Hyaline cartilage

The most common type of cartilage, providing support with some flexibility and is found on the ends of long bones.

Articular cartilage

Cartilage that covers the ends of bones in synovial joints to reduce friction during movement.

Periosteum

A dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.

Endosteum

A thin membrane lining the inner surface of the hollow cavities of bones.

Bone Marrow

The soft tissue found in the hollow interior of bones, involved in blood cell production.

Yellow marrow

Bone marrow that stores fat and is found in the central cavity of long bones.

Red marrow

Bone marrow that produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Bone Markings

Specific features on bones that indicate muscle attachment points, joint surfaces, or pathways for blood vessels.

Four bone classes

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.

Osteoporosis

A disorder characterized by weak and brittle bones due to loss of tissue.

Osteomalacia

A condition resulting in the softening of bones due to Vitamin D deficiency.

Paget's Disease

A chronic disorder that can result in enlarged and misshapen bones.

Compact Bone

Bone tissue that is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, providing strength.

Spongy Bone

Bone tissue that has a porous structure and is found at the ends of long bones and inside flat bones.

Intramembranous Bone

Bone that develops directly from sheets of mesenchymal connective tissue.

Endochondral Bone

Bone that develops from a pre-existing cartilage model.

Epiphyseal Plates

Regions of cartilage located at the ends of long bones that allow growth in length.

Calcium Metabolism

The process by which the body maintains healthy calcium levels in the blood and bones.