Family Studies Final

Emotional support

Conveys warmth, empathy, and concern

Appraisal support

Bolsters partners self-worth

Informational support

Provides advice and information

Instrumental support

Provides material aid or physical assistance

Companionship

Spending time with partner

Negative support

Minimize, deny, or dismisses the situation

direct; non-verbal

Crying and making eye contact are examples of ______ and _______ support seeking behaviors

emotional

The most effective type of support is ___________-

indirect; verbal

complaining and hinting about a situation are examples of __________ and ________ support seeking behaviors

Invisible support

support not perceived by partner and is subtle

Intimacy

A relational factor of social support: degree of ______

Supportive interactions

A relational factor of social support: history of ___________________

Time

Environmental fact of social support: ____________— spent together

Stressful event

Environmental factors of social support: severity of ______________

Attachment

Personal factors of support: Partners who are securely _________ more likely to respond to emotional support and make supportive remarks

Differential ability account

Men and women share similar views about communication but over the course of socialization, women acquire more of the skills needed.

Normative motivation account

Provisions of support are considered feminine and people are motivated to behave in accordance with social norms. Hence, men are less motivated to engage in such behaviors.

Relationship schemas

Mental constructions of relationships influenced by interpersonal behavior through beliefs, expectations, values, attitudes, and assumptions about relationships.

Destructive

Dysfunctional relationship belief: Disagreements are _________________

Fundamentally different

Dysfunctional relationship belief: Men and women are ___________________

Change

Dysfunctional relationship belief: Partners cannot ___________

Sentiment override

Tendency for current feelings to influence cognitive appraisal of partner and relationship.

Self-serving bias

Functions to enhance self esteem and influence perception of events and ones behavior

Unrealisitc positive self-view

People tend to judge themselves with more positive than negative traits

Illusion of control

Exaggerated perception of ones ability to master and control events that are often decided by chance.

Unrealistically optimistic

Overly optimistic about future

Relationship enhancement bias

Idealized characteristic of partner and relationship

Memory bias

When partners recall more positive than negative experiences

Partner idealization

Perception of partner as perfect or matching their ideal partner

Attributions

Explanation of behavior for individuals

Casual attributions

Perceived cause of behavior; determined through locus, stability, and globality

Responsibility attributions

Perceived responsibility or accountability; determined through motivation, intention, and blame.

Negative affectivity

A persons sensitivity to negative stimuli. Propensity to experience negative emotions and stability of behavior over time. Those with high negative affectivity hold unfavorable views of themselves and the world. Prone to intense, negative emotions.

Positive affectivity

The degree to which an individual responds positively to the social environment and experiences positive emotional states. Those with positive affectivity are outgoing, cheerful, and self-confident.

Rejection sensitivty

The tendency to anxiously anticipate, readily perceive, and emotionally and behaviorally overreact to rejection from significant others.

Relational stalking

Harmful behavior that involves one person actively attempting to create or obtain an intimate relationship with another person who does not want it.

Persistent

Feature of relational stalking: Intentional and _______________ contact

Unwanted

Feature of relational stalking: contact is ____________

Psychologically

Feature of relational stalking: contact is ______________ aversive

Frequent

Environmental factor of infidelity: ___________ travel

Availability

Environmental factor of infidelity: greater ____________ of alternatives

Urban

Environmental factor of infidelity: Living in an __________ area

Communication

Relational factor of infidelity: Negative ______________ styles

Invalidation

Relational factor of infidelity: Emotional _______________

Interpersonal

Relational factor of infidelity: ____________ dissatisfaction

Post betrayal syndrome

When impacts of trauma take a physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual toll.

Intimate partner violence

Violence occurring within romantic, marital, family, friend, and other intimate relationships

Situational couple violence

Violent behavior that arises primarily from interpersonal conflict. These lapses of control are situational and are not accompanied by a pattern of coercion, manipulation, and control.

Coercive controlling violence

Involves physical violence that is associated with chronic patterns of emotionally abusive intimidation, coercion, and control

Violent resistance violence

Motivated by self-defense.

Separation-instigated violence

Violence initiated by the separation of partners, typically has no history of violence.

Isolation

A risk factor of violence: social ____________

Socioeconomic

A risk factor of violence: __________ status

Alcohol

A risk factor of violence: __________ use

Sexual coercion

Use of verbal or psychological manipulation, pressure, or coercion to gain sexual compliance

Sexual assault

Reflects a direct power assertion. Includes sexual contact obtained through verbal or actual use of violence and sexual acts committed with a non-consenting partner.

Battering rape

Forced sex coupled with physical violence and cohesive control.

Force-only rape

Typically does not involve violence, but perpertrator will use force to obtain sex

Sadistic rape

Motivated by a sadistic desire to sexually torment and mistreat partner.

Hyper femininity

Origin of sexual violence: exaggerated adherence to female gender roles

Hypermasculinity

Origin of sexual violence: Exaggerated adherence to male gender roles; violence is manly and risk-taking is exciting

Sexual double standard

male sexuality is powerful and uncontrollable and that women offer "token resistance to sex".

Sex role scripts

Example of this term: Men should control progression of relationship and sexual interaction in hereto relationships.

Peer group norms

Example of this term: Norms that support exploitative attitudes towards women and the use of coercive sexual strategies

Negative affect reciprocity

Couples who get stuck in a pattern of negative communication behaviors

Gottman repair attempts

Any statement or action — verbal, physical, or otherwise — that prevents negativity from escalating out of control.

five; one

For every _______ positive interaction there should be only ______ negative in order for couples to stay out of the negative reciprocity pattern

Validating couple

Meets the five to one ratio but less passionately than the volatile couple.

Avoider couple

Low positive and high negative exchange. They often avoid dealing with the problems in the relationship and engage in surface level positive exchange

Volatile couple

Fights passionately with intense negative exchange but also has high levels of passion and positive expression. Often meets the five to one ratio.

Demand withdrawal pattern

One partner wants to change and engage in repair attempts but the other partner does not want to or does not know how.

Service

Part of five love languages: Acts of ____________

Gifts

Part of five love languages: Receiving __________

Time

Part of five love languages: quality __________

Affirmation

Part of five love languages: words of ____________

Touch

Part of five love languages: physical ____________

Validation

The act of helping someone feel heard and understood

Emotion

Validation component: identifies a specific __________

Justification

Validation component: offers ________________ for feeling that emotion

Behavioral couple therapy

Focuses on theoretical frameworks of social exchange theory and social learning theory. Goal is to modify behavior to effectively address partners needs.

Cognitive behavioral couples therapy

In addition to all the same skills and goals from BCT, aids in looking for the meaning behind a partners thoughts, feelings, and expectations of their relationship. Uses cognitive restructuring.

Cognitive restructuring

Teaching and assisting a couple in recognizing, evaluating, and reframing the manner in which they perceive their partner. Partners will earn to reframe their thoughts and look at the positives of other partner by either modifying expectations or changing them altogether.

Integrated behavioral couple therapy

Is acceptance focused, there are many things couples experience that they cannot change. Uses all the skills and theories from BCT and CBCT but adds the belief of acceptance as an important factor for growth in a relationship. Har

Hard disclosures

Conveying intense feelings through words, behaviors, and affect that puts one in a dominant role. Ex: "You never ask me how my day was". Bad

Soft disclosures

Expressing vulnerability that are behind tough feelings. Often emotions of pain, sadness, and loneliness. Ex: "I feel like my needs don’t matter" Good

Tolerance strategies

Pointing out positive features of relationship, not just negative features. Good

Emotionally focused therapy

Based on educating couples on their adult attachment styles and having them engage in identifying their attachment issues so that they can reflect on and validate each others attachment issues.