South Africa

Nationalism (in the context of colonialism in Africa)

The movement for independence and self-determination, opposing European rule and advocating for African unity and sovereignty.

Khoisan

Indigenous peoples of southern Africa known for their unique click languages and hunter-gatherer lifestyle.

Bantu

A group of Niger-Congo languages spoken in Central and Southern Africa, as well as the speakers of these languages. They are known for their agriculture and ironworking skills.

Africans

People native to Africa or of African descent, encompassing diverse cultures, languages, and traditions across the continent.

Afrikaner

Descendants of Dutch, German, and French settlers in South Africa. Played a significant role in the country's history and culture.

Trekboer

South African settlers who led a migratory lifestyle, herding livestock and trading with indigenous people. Played a significant role in shaping the region's history.

The Battle of Blood River

A significant conflict in South African history, fought between the Voortrekkers and Zulu warriors on December 16, 1838.

Mineral Revolution

A period in South Africa during the late 19th century marked by the discovery and exploitation of valuable mineral resources like diamonds and gold.

Anglo-Boer War

Conflict between British Empire and Boer Republics (South Africa) from 1899-1902. British victory led to Union of South Africa in 1910.

Apartheid

A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa from 1948 to 1994, enforcing white minority rule and oppressing non-white populations.

National Party

Political party in South Africa that governed during apartheid, promoting segregation and white minority rule. Founded in 1914, it merged with the ANC in 2005.

Nelson Mandela

South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and political leader who served as the country's first black president from 1994 to 1999.

African National Congress (ANC)

A political party in South Africa, founded in 1912 to fight against apartheid. Led the anti-apartheid movement and produced prominent leaders like Nelson Mandela.

South African Indian Congress (SAIC)

Founded in 1924 to fight against discrimination, segregation, and oppression of the Indian community in South Africa.

Defiance Campaign (1952)

Civil disobedience movement in South Africa during the 1950s against apartheid laws, led by the African National Congress.

Treason Trial (1956)

A high-profile trial in South Africa where 156 anti-apartheid activists were accused of treason for advocating against apartheid policies.

Pan Africanist Congress (PAC)

Political party founded in South Africa in 1959, advocating for the rights and liberation of black Africans. Notable for its role in the anti-apartheid movement.

Congress Alliance

A South African anti-apartheid coalition formed in the 1950s, uniting different racial groups to fight against racial segregation and discrimination.

Sharpeville (1960)

Event where South African police shot and killed 69 peaceful protesters, injuring 180+. Sparked international outrage, leading to increased anti-apartheid efforts.

Black Consciousness Movement

Movement advocating racial pride, self-reliance, and equality for black South Africans.

Steve Biko

Key figure in the Black Consciousness Movement, anti-apartheid activist

MK (1961)

Umkhonto we Sizwe, wing of the ANC

Rivonia Trial (1963)

Trial of ANC leaders, including Nelson Mandela, leading to long prison sentences.

Soweto (1976)

Uprising against apartheid education policies, significant in anti-apartheid movement.

F.W. de Klerk (1989)

South African president who ended apartheid and released Nelson Mandela

Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) (1995-1998)

Commission aimed at healing the country post-apartheid through truth-telling and forgiveness