Test 2 Study Material: School-Aged Children, Adolescence, and Hospitalized Child

Flashcards for Test 2 Study Material Chapters 21-23, focusing on school-aged children, adolescence, and care of the hospitalized child.

What are some normal growth and development changes in school-aged children?

Slower height and weight increase, increased leg length, more graceful movements, body systems more mature, muscle tissue replaces fat.

What are the typical height and weight changes per year in a school-aged child?

Average weight gain is 4-6.6 lbs/year, and average height increase is 2 inches/year.

What is precocious puberty?

Puberty that begins before the normal age range (before 8 for girls, before 9 for boys).

What are some safety considerations for school-aged children?

Sports safety with protective gear, avoiding trampolines, seatbelt use, water safety, stranger safety, firearm and fireworks safety.

What are the recommended calorie guidelines for school-aged children?

Need fewer cal/kg of weight and 1500 cal for the first 20kg plus 25 cal for each additional kg over 20.

What defines obesity in children?

BMI greater than the 95th percentile.

What are some consequences of childhood obesity?

Social difficulties, poorer health outcomes (diabetes, HTN, heart disease), increased healthcare costs.

What is bullying?

Aggressive behavior that is unwanted and demonstrates a feeling of power imbalance.

What are the sleep recommendations for school-aged children?

Need 10-12 hours of sleep per night.

What is the Industry vs. Inferiority stage of development?

Developing a sense of worth and engaging school-aged children in tasks to complete.

Who is the most important adult figure in the school-aged child's life besides their parents?

Teacher.

What is temperament?

A set of traits that influence behaviors and are usually related to their past experiences (also called reactivity).

What is a common form of self-harm?

Cutting.

When does rapid skeletal growth typically begin and end for girls?

Begins around age 10 and ends around age 16; rapid skeletal growth between 10-12.

When does rapid skeletal growth typically start and end for boys?

Begins in early adolescence and ends in the late teens; rapid skeletal growth between 12-14.

How much sleep do adolescents need?

8-10 hours of uninterrupted sleep per night.

What are some tips to improve adolescent sleep quality?

Set a regular bedtime schedule, avoid stimulants, keep lights low, and unwind before bed.

What is gender dysphoria?

Discomfort or lack of identification with one’s sex assigned at birth.

What is the Tanner Scale used for?

Used to assess and describe the stages or changes that take place during sexual development.

What is a common skin condition affecting teenagers?

Acne.

Describe the Identity vs. Role Confusion developmental stage.

Figuring out who they are, what is family, self, peer group, and community; failure leads to role confusion.

What is medical play?

Medical play is used to accomplish therapeutic goals, express emotions and fears, master the unknown, express fear and anger, learning opportunity. It allows the child to learn about their diagnosis, procedures, surgery, diagnostic or medical equipment.

What is an important consideration regarding the playroom in a pediatric hospital setting?

It is a safe zone where no physical exams, discussions, or medication administration take place.

What is stranger anxiety?

Anxiety related to the presence of a stranger.

What are the stages of separation anxiety?

Protest, Despair, and Detachment/Denial.

What is regression in the context of hospitalized children?

Behavior associated with a younger developmental stage used to cope with stressful situations.

Define family-centered care.

Acting in ways that offer the patient and family consistency, collaboration, and empowerment.

Name some pediatric pain assessment tools.

FLACC, CRIES, FACES, Numeric.

What are some ways to relieve stress pre-procedure for a child?

Explain the procedure in developmentally appropriate language, maintain a calm environment, and keep the child with parents until the last minute.

What are some safety measures for hospitalized children?

ID bands, security devices, and bed selection near the nurse station.

Explain the 10 rights of medication administration.

Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, right method, right pre-administration assessment, right family education, right post-administration assessment, right documentation.

What are some tips for sleep success in the hospital for children?

Consistent schedule, minimal nighttime disruptions, maintain rituals, comfort items, minimize lighting and noise.

What are some immediate and long-term consequences of untreated pain?

Short term: VS changes, decreased O2 saturation. Long term: Poor motor performance, learning disorders, cognitive issues.

Describe playful ways to engage and encourage children to drink, eat, and walk after surgery.

Early ambulation make a game of it. Increasing fluid intake, offer popsicles and decorate a cup. Breathing exercises blow cotton balls, have children make crafts.

What are the common IM injection sites for children?

Vastus Lateralis, Ventrogluteal, and Deltoid.

What are some key points in a pre-surgical checklist?

Explain the surgery, comfort the child, review the consent form, document the last oral intake and assess for any loose teeth or metal.

Explain the steps for dosage calculations by weight.

1. Determine the child’s weight in kilograms. 2. Multiply the weight of the child by the SDF (safe dose factor). 3. Compare results to the prescription or Dr.’s order.

When collecting specimens, what information should be on the label?

Collector’s initials, date, medical record number, and time of collection.

What are some signs of depression in children?

Hopelessness, loss of interest, physical symptoms, frequent crying.

What are some nursing considerations for a child with depression?

Monitor for social isolation, self-harm potential, ensure a plan for the child and family participation, administer antidepressant medications on time.

Name the different types of eating disorders.

Anorexia nervosa (AN), Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), Binge eating disorder (BED), Bulimia nervosa (BN), Pica, Rumination disorder (RD).

What is Pica?

a child persistently consumes non food materials. Children may experience intestinal obstructions from non food items and anemia occur when child eats dangerous substances (paint chips, toxic plant materials, sharp or hard objects).

What are some nursing considerations when caring for a child with an eating disorder?

Plot the child’s weight and height on a national growth chart. Further assessment is warranted if significantly under or over the expected weight. -Understand the anxiety associated with eating

How would you assess for eating disorders?

Plot the child’s weight and height on a national growth chart. Draw metabolic panels, lipid panels, and electrolyte panels . Test for lead or other toxins if child engaged in pica . CBC testing for anemia . Assess blood pressure, cardiac function, and electrocardiogram (ECG). Assess for use of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, and diet pills and report any use immediately to the health-care provider

What are some commonly used substances abused by children and adolescents?

Tobacco, marijuana, alcohol, stimulants, hallucinogens, steroids, inhalants, prescription drugs, opioids, cocaine, “club drugs”

What are some nursing considerations for a child with a substance use disorder?

Meet the child’s physical, cognitive, and emotional needs, help families secure professional intervention, teach parents to immediately contact a healthcare provider if substance use disorder is suspected.

What are some interventions for those with a substance abuse disorder?

Medications, psychotherapy, behavior modification, cognitive behavioral therapy, 12-step program, Peer group therapy