Chem kentic and nuclear chem

First Order

when the initial concentration doubles the reaction rate , with respect to the reactant

Second Order

initial concentration doubles , but the rate quadruples , with respect to the reactant

Zero Order

doubling the concentration does not effect the rate

Integrated rate law 0

[A]= -kt+[A]

Integrated rate law 1

ln[A]=-kt+ln[A]

Integrated rate law 2

1/[A]=kt 1/[A]

Units zero reaction order

M/s

Units one reaction order

1/s

Units two reaction order

1/(M*s)

Zero Order Rate

k [A]^0

First Order Rate

k[A]

Two Order Rate

k[A]²

Half-life zero

[A]/2k

half-life first

ln 2/k

half-life two

1/k[A]

Uranium -235

used in power plants

Alpha particles

^4₂He

Beta particles

^0_-1 e

Positrons

⁰_-1B

Gamma decay

^0₀Y

Proton

¹₁P

Neutron

^1₀N

Mass energy equiuatence formula

E=mc²

Binding energy

the amount of energy required to remove the neutrons from the nucleus

Mass defect

the difference between the total mass of the individual neutrons in a nucleus and the nucleus as a whole

Nuclear fission

one heavy nucleus splitting into two lighter ones

Nuclear fusion

two light nuclei joining to form a heavier

Meltdown

A chain reaction produces more heat thatn a power plant can use , causing the temp to rise and the uranium to melt

Control rods

In nuclear power plants they absorb neutrons between the fuel rods or uranium to slow the neutrons down and slow the reaction