first in recording chain, converts the acoustic sound into electrical sound
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Large Diaphragm microphones
Best for vocals, drums, and anything that you would want a bigger more full sound for
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Small Diaphragm microphones
are used to isolate a particular area of a sound source, like the bridge of a guitar or string
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Emile Berliner
Invented the Gramophone, invented acoustic tiles
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The types of microphones?
Condenser, Dynamic, Ribbon
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condenser microphone
has a fixed backplate, NEEDS +48 OF PHANTOM POWER, and this current charges, and the space created in between is the frequency of the sound
good for higher frequencies like vocals and cymbals
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Dynamic Microphone
is moved by a metal coil, which creates voltage around the diaphragm, handling a higher SPL and more durable
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Example of Dynamic Microphone
Shure SM57 and SM58
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Ribbon Microphones
form of a dynamic microphone, but holds a METAL RIBBON inside a U-shaped magnet, and as the ribbon moves it creates the electrical signal
used for warm vocals, or guitars, for that vintage colorful sound
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Polar pickup patterns
the polar patterns of a mic with show how it will pick up sound
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omnidirectional
picks up from all angles of the microphone
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cardioid microphone
only one side
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bidirectional
picks up sound in two usually opposite directions
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shotgun
picks up directly infront
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Mic Cable, what is it made of
it has the pins in the cable, one hot and cold signal, and third one is a ground
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The lower the frequency the more---
onmidirectional it is
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the higher the frequency the more ---
cardioid
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Proximity effect
the closer you are to the source, the more of a boost you will get of beta frequencies, usually in cardioid
condensers usually have a flatter freq. response
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Shure SM57 is really good for
vocals, clear and crisp, didn't capture lower frequencies as good
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Audix D2 is better for
more mid to lower frequencies, is a dynamic
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Microphone stands 1
Short tall
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Mic stand 2
boom
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mic stand 3
telescoping arms
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mis stand 4
tripod/round
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mic stand 5
isolation
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Pop filter
designed to soften and disperse air plosives
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Wind Screen
same as pop filter, but eliminate wind and outside noises
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Close miking how to position
less than three inches away from the source of the sound, which creates a tight sound quality while eliminating any outside acoustic sound from being picked up
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3:1 miking rule
To reduce leakage and maintain phase integrity, for every unit of distance between the original mic and sound source, the second mic should be separated by at least 3 times that distance
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How to separate instrument's and eliminate bleed in a room
use gobos and distance
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Proximity effect
lower frequencies get boosted the closer it gets, you get a boomier sound
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distant miking
placing a mic further from the source can pick up a large amount of the sound such as an ensemble thereby preserving the overall tone balance, allowing for the acoustics of the room to be picked up more clearly
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stereo miking techniques
using two mics that can be panned to capture a full sound
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spaced pair
two mics placed a certain distance apart, left right fashion, overheads for drums, piano, choir, or small ensemble acoustic guitars
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XY stereo tech
two matched cardioid mics placed coincidently (diaphrams close together) with grills almost touching but facing in opposite directions between a 90 and 135 degree angle- capturing a certain space
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ORTF
After french radio organization, it uses two matched cardioid microphones with a spacing of 17 cm between the microphone diagphrams, and with a 110 angle between the caples, emulates the REAL HUMAN EAR DISTANCE
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Blemein Pair
TWO BIDIRECIONAL MICS placed coincidently at a 90 degree angle to achieve a stero field between them
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Mid/Side
A pair of one cardioid and one bi directions mic. The cardioid is the mid placed forward towards the source picks up direct sound. The bidirectional microphone is placed sideways coincidentally
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Mid side more about it...
One of those duplicate signals need to be slightly out of phase, and go to audiosuite—invert. The need to be panned or they will cancel out
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Decca tree
hese are used for very large ensembles, using 3 omnidirctional microphones, to get as wide as possible of a recording setting two microphones 6 feet apar with a center mic placed 3 feet infron