intro to micro safety and quality control

what did Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) create

bloodborene pathogens fanal standard, states safety requirements for exposure control plans employers must have.

What is Ceneters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) create

standard precaution guideline, and body fuilds from all patients are consisted infectious and capable to transfering dieases

what do the guidelines of CDC include

includes hand washing, sharps disposal, nd enrionemtn control

what is Clinical laboratory standards institute

nonprofit, promotes standard and best practice of lab testing

what is contact precautions

direct or indirect contact with patient or patient environment

transmission based precautions

extra precaustion may be needed known or sus is pt has a pathogen

what are droplet precaution

pathogen that is contacted by close respiratory contact or exposure of mucous membrane to respiratory secretion

what is airborne precautions

infectious agents that remain airbone and infectious over a long distance

what is hazardous waste

biohazard materials should be marked with bioharzard symbol and waste should be decontaminated prior to disposal

what is work practice controls

altering the manner a task is performed to reduce likelihood of exposure

what is engineering controls

controls that isolate or remove the hazard from the workplace, physical barriers

what is biological safety cabinet class 1

air enters cabinet , recirculate, filters and exits as exhaust

what is biological safety cabinet class 2

air is filtered before circulation and filter again when exits

what BSC class is most common used in clinical microbiology labs

class II type A2

what is biological safety cabinet class 3

self contained, only gloves, supply air is HEPA filter and exhaust is double HEPA filtered

what are proper use of biological safety cabinet

inspected annually, when turning on/off unit wait 15-30 minutes before/after, using to ensure proper air circulation, no flames, cleaned with 70% ethanol at end of day, UV turned on after disinfecting

What is Biosafety level 1

work and agent that pose minimal risk, lab work can be conducted on open benchtop

what is biosafety level 2

work with agents that pose moderate risk, BSC should be used when potential for aerosol, may require vaccination or testing for agent

what is biosafety level 3

work with agents that have aerosol transmission and potential lethal consequences, neg airflow, and in a separate part of lab

what is biosafety level 4

work with agents that have high risk of causing life threatening infection, isolated from other lab facilities, and strict access, deciated non recirculating air

sterilization

destruction of all forms of life including bacterial spores

disinfection

elimiates a defined scope of micoorganisms

antiseptic

substance applied to living tissue for purpose of elimiating or reducing number of bacteria

why do we not sterilize our hands?

destorys normal flora

how is heat used in sterilization/disinfection

steam heat, autoclave of 15min 15psi and 121C

dry heat, electric incinerator, sterlie at high temp for long time

boiling, 100C for 10min

pasteurization, flash heat 72C for 15sec, disinfect

how is filtration used in sterilization/disinfection

most organisms retain .45-.8um pore size membrane, membranes with pores size of 0.01um can retain some viruses,

HEPA filters retain organism >0.3um insize

how is radiation used in sterilization/disinfection

ionizing, sterlized using gamma rays (very short wavelengths)

nonionzing, disinfects, using UV rays

what is a common skin antiseptic

isopropyl alcohol

what do infection prevation and control (IPC) help with

involve activies aim at preventing and reducing the dissemination of infection

what is infection rate

speed of spread or frequency of an infectious diase within a population, number of surgical site per number of prodecures express as %

what is baseline data

historic occurrence of infections over time

how does lab pay a role in surveillance

noticing trends and initiating investigations

what is outbreak

unanticipated increase in infections in a particular setting

how may lab play a role in a outbreak

may be asked to perform addiational testin or review past culture resulta

what is equipement QC for incubarotr

daily, check for temp and CO2

what is equipement QC for anaerobe chamber

daily, anerobiosis, humidity, temp

what is equipement QC for BSC

annually for air flow

what is equipement QC for centrifuge

every 6 months, RPM

what is equipement QC for autoclave

per use check tmep and weekly spore test

what is equipement QC for microscope

quarterly, cleaned and adjusted

what is equipement QC for instruments

based on manu. recomm

what is media QC

user-prepared media must be tested for sterility, pH, supportive grwoth of apporpriate microorganism and inhibitory growth of speicifc microgranism and production of correct biochemical response

what guideline outline critier for user prepared media qc

CLSI M22-A2

how often should reagens be tested

daily with neg and pos controls

how often should gram stain qc be performed and using what

daily Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

how often should antimicrobial susceptibility test be performed

weekly using CLSI recommened control organisms from ATCC