APUSH Period 7a Vocab

Progressivism

Progressivism

as a philosophy, advocates change or reform through government action

16th Amendment

Amendment: Income Tax (the government would collect money through an income tax and use it to fund programs)

17th Amendment

Amendment: Direct Election of Senators (instead of state legislatures selecting US senators, they would be voted upon by the citizens of each state)

18th Amendment

Amendment: Prohibition (the production, consumption, distribution, and sale of alcohol would become illegal)

19th Amendment

Amendment: Women's Suffrage (all adult women would be guaranteed the right to vote*)

unions

An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages.

strike

Nonviolent refusal to continue to work until a problem is resolved.

lockout

literally locked out of the company, not working, not paid

yellow dog contracts

contract stating worker would not join a union or go on strike

Sherman Antitrust Act

Act, attempted to limit trusts that were so large they interfered with free trade, because "trust" was loosely defined, Supreme Court threw out many of the cases against businesses, the Act was sometimes used against labor unions

Interstate Commerce Act

1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses

National Labor Union

first major labor organization, gaining over half a million members (skilled/unskilled, excluded Chinese, blacks, women)

Knights of Labor

picked up where the NLU had left off, attempting to include all workers (skilled/unskilled) as well as women and blacks, successfully won arbitrations of many strikes, achieved many goals such as the 8 hour workday

Jacob Riis

exposed poor working/living conditions in American cities, wrote How the Other Half Lives

muckrakers

Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public

Pure Food and Drug Act

the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs, pushed by Teddy Roosevelt

Upton Sinclair

muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.

Meat Inspection Act

A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection, helped eliminate diseases

Hepburn Act

increased the regulatory power of the Interstate Commerce Commission

Interstate Commerce Commission

an agency that sets the laws for all the companies that do business across state lines

Coal Strike of 1902

Strike by the United Coal Workers of America, threatening to shut down the winter coal supply. Theodore Roosevelt intervened federally, and resolved the dispute

Hetch Hetchy Valley

valley in Yosemite, San Francisco lost their water supply in 1906 due to an earthquake, many supported building a damn here, MAJOR opposition from naturalists, Congress approved the project and the dam was built

Clayton Antitrust Act

strengthened the gvts ability to break up or regulate monopolies

Federal Reserve Act

created a "new national bank" that could issue paper money

Wilson's Triple Wall of Privelage

Tariffs, banks, and trusts

Open Door Policy

protected China's territorial integrity and allow open trade access to all foreign nations

Alfred T. Mahan

very influential in his arguments to build up the American navy, wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History, convinced the gvt to construct many new cruisers and battleships

Hawaii

an important station in US-China trade for many years, US navy had established a base at Pearl Harbor, American merchants and farmers were establishing themselves on the islands, as it had a growing sugar cane industry, Americans would eventually stage a rebellion and call for US forces to aid them, soon was annexed and became US territory

yellow journalism

printed exaggerated accounts of the "butcher's brutality," designed to sell more copies of the newspapers

US Battleship Maine

was in Havana harbor with orders to protect American lives and property when it blew up, Spanish were blamed, war hysteria swept the nation

George Dewey

Commodore, sailed into Manila Bay and destroyed the Spanish fleet quickly

Theodore Roosevelt

Colonel, him and rough riders gained their fame with their charge up San Juan Hill

rough riders

volunteer soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

San Juan Hill

Site of the most famous battle of the Spanish-American war, where Theodore Roosevelt successfully leads the Rough Riders in a charge against the Spanish trenches

Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines

as a result of the Spanish-American war, the US acquired these 3 overseas colonies

Anti-Imperialist League

a group that opposed the treaty and the creation of an American colonial empire

Emilio Aguinaldo

led many Filipinos, demanded their independence, Philippine War lasted several years, resulted in hundreds of thousands of Filipino deaths, US won over many influential Filipinos with social/economic reforms and self-government

Insular Cases

a series of Supreme Court cases in 1901 following Spanish-American War, dealt with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen, decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Rico and Filipinos

The Panama Canal

US was looking for a place to build an Atlantic-Pacific canal, US supported Panama's revolution against Colombia, primarily because Colombia wouldn't sell the Canal Zone to the US, after US troops were sent to "maintain order," Panama was recognized as independent and the canal zone was leased to US, construction began in 1904 and was finished in 1914

big stick diplomacy

US had the right to intervene in other areas of the world, specifically Latin America

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

alliances

agreements between nations to aid and protect one another

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Triple Entente

Great Britain, France, Russia

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

conscription

A military draft

Militarism

aggressive preparations for war, also on the rise

Western Front

A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other

Eastern Front

more mobile than the Western Front was, Russian armies suffered heavy losses to German forces, pushed back into Russia, allowed Germany to focus on Western Front

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war

Zimmerman note

1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile

UNRESTRICTED submarine warfare

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters, CAUSE OF US WWI INVOLVEMENT

Committee on Public Information

job was to sell the war to America, this "propaganda" took the form of posters, leaflets, anti-German movies, and songs

Espionage Act (1917)

Law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during WW1

Sedition Act

1918 law that made it illegal to criticize the government

The Great Migration

Large numbers of African-Americans moved to northern cities as industrial jobs became available

Armistice

An agreement to stop fighting

fourteen points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Sacco and Vanzetti

case in MA, convicted of murder in a trial where the jury/judge were clearly biased against them because they were Italian

red scare

A period of general fear of communists, resulted in a nationwide crusade against left-wingers whose Americanism was questioned

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

restricted newcomers from any one country to 3% of the people of their nationality living in US in 1910

Immigration Act of 1924 (aka National Origins Act)

Federal law limiting the number of immigrants that could be admitted from any country to 2% of the amount of people from that country who were already living in the U.S. as of the census of 1890.