Chapter 10: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

NADH

2.5 ATP equivalents

FADH2

1.5 ATP equivalents

GTP

1 ATP equivalent

How are NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP equivalents?

Through oxidative phosphorylation, where their electrons are passed along the electron transport chain (ETC) in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

NADH and FADH2 act as ______________ to the electron transport chain (ETC)

Electron donors

These electrons are eventually transferred to….

Molecular oxygen to reduce O2 to 2H2O

ETC involves five protein complexes - Complex I

NADH Dehydrogenase Complex

Complex II

Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex

Complex III

Cytochrome BC1 Complex

Complex IV

Cytochrome Oxidase

Complex V

ATP Synthetase Complex

The five complexes involved in ETC and ATP synthesis are located on the…

Inner membrane of the mitochondrion

The mitochondrion is a….

Double membrane organelle

NADH and FADH2 transfers ___________ to the ETC

High energy electrons

The energy is used to develop a ________________ across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Concentration gradient of hydrogen ions

___________ uses the energy stored in the concentration gradient (of hydrogen ions) to convert ____________.

• ATP synthetase

• ADP to ATP

• Chemiosmotic Theory

________ transfers electrons to Complex I

NADH

________ transfers electrons to Complex II

FADH

What structure is this?

Coenzyme Q10 - Oxidized Form

What structure is this?

Coenzyme Q10 - Reduced Form

Coenzyme Q10

• A fat-soluble compound that the body produces and uses to create energy and act as an antioxidant.

• Crucial component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC)

• Transfers electrons and pumps protons to generate ATP (Cellular energy)

True or False - Coenzyme Q10 accepts electrons from Complex I and II and transfers them to Complex III

• True

• Key step in oxidative phosphorylation

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Cellular process that generates the majority of the cell’s energy by using the energy from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 to create ATP

What structure is this?

Ubiquinone - Oxidized form of Coenzyme Q10

What structure is this?

Ubiquinol - Reduced form of Coenzyme Q10

_______________ is generated in Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Reaction Oxygen Species (ROS)

What are Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)?

When electrons are improperly transferred from the complexes to oxygen

What structure is this?

Vitamin E

What structure is this?

Vitamin C

Vitamin E

• Alpha tocopherol

• Lipid Soluble Antioxidant

Vitamin C

• Ascorbic Acid

• Water Soluble Antioxidant

• Most important