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Flashcards covering key vocabulary from a History IV textbook focusing on Argentina, America, and the world in the first half of the 20th century in spanish.
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Imperialism
Political and economic system where powerful countries dominate or control weaker ones, often through colonialism or neocolonialism.
Colonialism
Direct control by a powerful country over a territory and its people, leading to loss of sovereignty for the subdued nation.
Neocolonialism
A form of dependency where a country maintains political independence but experiences economic dominance by powerful foreign companies or financial institutions.
Eurocentrism
A perspective that prioritizes European culture and history, often marginalizing non-European societies.
Occident
Term referring to the 'West,' initially used by Greco-Roman civilizations to contrast their culture with that of the 'East.' Its application varies across historical contexts.
Second Industrial Revolution
The second phase of industrialization, marked by advancements in transportation, exploitation of new energy sources, like electricity and petroleum and expanded industrialization beyond England.
International Division of Labor
A system where nations specialize in producing specific goods based on available resources; industrialized nations focus on manufacturing, while others supply raw materials.
Chauvinism
An extreme form of patriotism or national pride.
Social Darwinism
A pseudoscientific ideology applying Darwin's theory of natural selection to human societies, justifying social hierarchies and imperialism.
Charles Darwin
English naturalist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Herbert Spencer
Sociologist who applied Darwin's theory to sociology.
Liberalism
Economic policy of unrestricted competition and trade, with minimal government intervention.
Protectionism
Economic policy where a country protects its internal market by implementing tariffs and other restrictions on imported goods.
Pool
An agreement to regulate prices through a central agency.
Monopoly
Type of market control by a single company.
Concentration
Process by which large companies merged with or acquired other firms to create dominant entities in the marketplace.
Oligopoly
Control of the marketplace by a small number of firms
Big Business
Business of large scale
Cartel
A combination of independent commercial organizations working to regulate prices and production and distribution methods
Trust
Company created to buy and possess the shares of other businesses, which it then controls
Robber baron
A very wealthy person who uses ruthless business tactics
Holding
A company created to buy and possess the shares of other businesses, which it then controls
Self-made man
A person who becomes wealthy through determination and hard work
Taylorism
A method of industrial management where manual labor is measured and analyzed to increase efficiency
Frederick Taylor
American engineer who developed scientific managment and the taylorism concepts
Fordism
Manufacturing based on assembly lines and mass production of standardized parts
Henry Ford
American industrialist who revolutionized factory production with assembly-line techniques
Alienation
The state of being estranged from oneself, now used as a sociological term to describe the effects of the industrial economy on workers
Cipayo
Native soldier of India who worked for the British East India Company
Castes
A social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
Opium
A product from the opium poppy, used as a narcotic
Manifest Destiny
Doctrine stating that US western expansion was inevitable and divinely appointed
Big Stick Diplomacy
A saying that reflected Theodore Roosevelt’s advocacy of diplomacy with the support of naval power
Dollar Diplomacy
Policy enacted by President Taft that encouraged banks to invest in territories of strategic importance to the US
Backyard
A term used to describe the United States' sphere of influence over Latin America
Roosevelt Corollary
The United States have the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries
Non-Interventionism
Opposition to intervention by outside powers, in particular military action
Militarism
A country's armed forces are used to achieve certain goals
Social Justice
The belief of the government's responsibility to ensure that all citizens have the basic necessities of life.
Neutrality
A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of foreign countries
Total Submarine Warfare
War in which a belligerent is permitted to attack any ship, without warning
Agitation
The use of persuasion and propaganda to convince people to take action
Belligerents
People who support war
Abdication
The action of renouncing or rejecting something
Mensheviks
A member of the non-Bolshevik wing of the Social Democratic Workers' Party
Bolsheviks
A member of the Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party
Soviet
A Russian council composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers
The Welfare State
A state in which the government undertakes to protect the social and economic health of its citizens
Racism
The belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one's own race is superior
Genocide
The intention of causing the destruction of a national, ethnic, racial or religious group
Totalitarianism
A form of government in which one person or a small group has absolute power
Aerial Bombardment
A military strategy of using planes with bombs to destroy a port or city
Free Trade
An economic policy or trade policy in which there's no prohibition or taxes