Historia IV: Argentina, América y el Mundo en la Primera Mitad del Siglo XX

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Flashcards covering key vocabulary from a History IV textbook focusing on Argentina, America, and the world in the first half of the 20th century in spanish.

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53 Terms

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Imperialism

Political and economic system where powerful countries dominate or control weaker ones, often through colonialism or neocolonialism.

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Colonialism

Direct control by a powerful country over a territory and its people, leading to loss of sovereignty for the subdued nation.

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Neocolonialism

A form of dependency where a country maintains political independence but experiences economic dominance by powerful foreign companies or financial institutions.

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Eurocentrism

A perspective that prioritizes European culture and history, often marginalizing non-European societies.

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Occident

Term referring to the 'West,' initially used by Greco-Roman civilizations to contrast their culture with that of the 'East.' Its application varies across historical contexts.

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Second Industrial Revolution

The second phase of industrialization, marked by advancements in transportation, exploitation of new energy sources, like electricity and petroleum and expanded industrialization beyond England.

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International Division of Labor

A system where nations specialize in producing specific goods based on available resources; industrialized nations focus on manufacturing, while others supply raw materials.

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Chauvinism

An extreme form of patriotism or national pride.

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Social Darwinism

A pseudoscientific ideology applying Darwin's theory of natural selection to human societies, justifying social hierarchies and imperialism.

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Charles Darwin

English naturalist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.

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Herbert Spencer

Sociologist who applied Darwin's theory to sociology.

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Liberalism

Economic policy of unrestricted competition and trade, with minimal government intervention.

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Protectionism

Economic policy where a country protects its internal market by implementing tariffs and other restrictions on imported goods.

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Pool

An agreement to regulate prices through a central agency.

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Monopoly

Type of market control by a single company.

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Concentration

Process by which large companies merged with or acquired other firms to create dominant entities in the marketplace.

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Oligopoly

Control of the marketplace by a small number of firms

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Big Business

Business of large scale

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Cartel

A combination of independent commercial organizations working to regulate prices and production and distribution methods

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Trust

Company created to buy and possess the shares of other businesses, which it then controls

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Robber baron

A very wealthy person who uses ruthless business tactics

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Holding

A company created to buy and possess the shares of other businesses, which it then controls

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Self-made man

A person who becomes wealthy through determination and hard work

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Taylorism

A method of industrial management where manual labor is measured and analyzed to increase efficiency

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Frederick Taylor

American engineer who developed scientific managment and the taylorism concepts

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Fordism

Manufacturing based on assembly lines and mass production of standardized parts

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Henry Ford

American industrialist who revolutionized factory production with assembly-line techniques

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Alienation

The state of being estranged from oneself, now used as a sociological term to describe the effects of the industrial economy on workers

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Cipayo

Native soldier of India who worked for the British East India Company

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Castes

A social structure in which classes are determined by heredity

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Opium

A product from the opium poppy, used as a narcotic

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Manifest Destiny

Doctrine stating that US western expansion was inevitable and divinely appointed

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Big Stick Diplomacy

A saying that reflected Theodore Roosevelt’s advocacy of diplomacy with the support of naval power

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Dollar Diplomacy

Policy enacted by President Taft that encouraged banks to invest in territories of strategic importance to the US

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Backyard

A term used to describe the United States' sphere of influence over Latin America

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Roosevelt Corollary

The United States have the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries

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Non-Interventionism

Opposition to intervention by outside powers, in particular military action

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Militarism

A country's armed forces are used to achieve certain goals

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Social Justice

The belief of the government's responsibility to ensure that all citizens have the basic necessities of life.

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Neutrality

A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of foreign countries

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Total Submarine Warfare

War in which a belligerent is permitted to attack any ship, without warning

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Agitation

The use of persuasion and propaganda to convince people to take action

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Belligerents

People who support war

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Abdication

The action of renouncing or rejecting something

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Mensheviks

A member of the non-Bolshevik wing of the Social Democratic Workers' Party

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Bolsheviks

A member of the Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party

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Soviet

A Russian council composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers

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The Welfare State

A state in which the government undertakes to protect the social and economic health of its citizens

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Racism

The belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one's own race is superior

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Genocide

The intention of causing the destruction of a national, ethnic, racial or religious group

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Totalitarianism

A form of government in which one person or a small group has absolute power

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Aerial Bombardment

A military strategy of using planes with bombs to destroy a port or city

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Free Trade

An economic policy or trade policy in which there's no prohibition or taxes