cross sectional test 2, chapter 5

what is a sign

Objective finding found by the examiner

what is a symptom

subjective evidence of disease as sensed by the patient

what are some examples of symptoms

pain, numbness, dysphagia, dyspnea

what is a syndrome

a set of signs or symptoms that arise from a common cause

what is the incidence of a disease

the number of new cases of a disease during a period of time

what are some examples of demographic data

age, race, gender, marital status, and occupation

what are some examples of chief complaints

symptoms, current illness, and current condition

what are some examples of medical history

childhood illnesses, allergies, immunizations, injuries, medications

what are some examples of family history

illnesses, cause of death, genetic disorders, mental disorders

what are some examples of personal history

occupation, lifestyle

what is a premalignant condition

physiologic characteristics or predisposing factors that may lead to malignancy

what is paraneoplastic syndrome

a collection of symptoms that results from substances or hormones produced by the tumor and they occur remotely from the tumor

what are two genes involved with hereditary breast and ovarian cancers

BRCA 1 and BRCA 2

what is the gene that is associated with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

TP53

what cancer is lynch syndrome associated with

colorectal

what cancer is familial adenomatous polyposis associated with

colorectal cancer

what is adenomatous polyposis

multiple polyps

what is percussion

the act of striking or tapping

what is inspection

using sight to observe

what is edema

the swelling of tissue caused by the accumulation of excessive amounts of fluid

what are six substances that their smell can determine what is wrong with a patient

breath

sputum

vomitus

feces

urine

pus

what is palpation

the use of touch to acquire information about the patient

what is lymphadeonopathy

swelling of the lymph nodes

what is auscultation

the act of listening

what are the 5 vital signs

temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure and pain

what is a baseline

initial values at various times to establish the patient's norm

what do we compare the patient's blood values to?

the baseline values

what are the normal values for temperature

96.8-98.6 degrees F

what is the normal value for pulse

60-100 bpm

what is the normal value for respirations

12-18 breaths per minute

what is the normal value for systolic blood pressure

90-140 mm Hg

what is the normal value for diastolic blood pressure

60-80 mm Hg

what are sensitive indicators of the presence of disease

vital signs

for what cancer patients can specific screening be performed on

patients who are symptomatic, undergoing treatment or being followed up

what are the two major categories of screening studies

laboratory studies and medical imaging

what is sensitivity of a test

the ability of a test to give a true positive result

what is the specificity of a test

the ability of a test to obtain a true negative result

what is the leading cause of cancer in women

breast

what is the leading cause of cancer in men

prostate

what is the normal age group for women with breast cancer

40-54

what age should women start their mammography screening for breast cancer

40

at what age should women get screened for cervical cancer, what is the test

21-29, pap smear

what does a pap smear check

the cervix and upper vagina for cancer

how often should a women get a pap smear

every 3 years

which test should be done for HPV in women, how often should this test be done and what is the age group

pap test along with an HPV test, every 5 years, 30-65

women who have had what procedure do not need cervical cancer screening

a total hysterectomy

how old should a person be to get colorectal cancer screening

50 or younger

what are 4 examples of colorectal screening procedures

1- stool dna test

2- flexible sigmoidoscopy

3- double contrast enema

4- colonoscopy

how often should a person get a stool dna test

every 3 years

how often should a person get a flexible sigmoidoscopy

every 5 years

how often should a person get a double contrast barium enema

every 5 years

how often should a person get a colonoscopy

every 10 years

which population of women is affected by endometrial cancer

women at menopause and post menopausal

what is the screening test for lung cancer

low dose helical CT

what is the age of current or former smokers to get tested for lung cancer

55-74

what is the age for men to get screened for prostate cancer

50 years or younger

what is the test for prostate screening

PSA with or without digital rectal

what is the sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure

finds lymph nodes that are the first to receive draining fluid from the breast tumors

What is prevalence?

the probability of disease in the entire population at any point in time

what is the normal count of leukocytes

5,000-10,000/mm3

what is the normal count of erythrocytes

3.90-5.40 million per mm3

what is the normal count of platelets

150,000-425,000/mm3

what is the normal hemoglobin count

12-16g/gL

what is the normal hematocrit count

37%-47%