Marieb Human Anatomy & Physiology Twelfth Edition Chapter 01 Review

50 vocabulary flashcards generated from lecture notes on The Human Body: An Orientation.

Anatomy

Study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

Physiology

Study of the function of body; how body parts work to carry out life-sustaining activities

Gross (macroscopic) anatomy

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

Microscopic anatomy

Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

Cytology

The study of cells

Histology

The study of tissues

Developmental anatomy

Traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function

The concept that function always reflects structure, and what a structure can do depends on its specific form

Chemical level

The simplest level of structural organization, consisting of atoms and molecules

Cellular level

The level of structural organization where cells and their organelles are found

Tissue level

The level of structural organization composed of groups of similar cells

Organ level

The level of structural organization containing two or more types of tissues

Organ system level

The level of structural organization where organs work closely together

Organismal level

The highest level of structural organization, where all organ systems combine to make the whole organism

Homeostasis

The maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in the environment

Negative feedback

A homeostatic control mechanism where the response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus, with the variable changing in the opposite direction of the initial change

Positive feedback

A homeostatic control mechanism where the response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus, with the variable changing in the same direction of the initial change

Anatomical position

The standard body position; body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the body

Superior (cranial)

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Inferior (caudal)

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Anterior (ventral)

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Posterior (dorsal)

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

Medial

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

Sagittal plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts