Neurological Bases of Communication Sciences and Disorders Exam 1

What does the central nervous system process?

movement, thinking, sensation, memory

What does the CNS consist of?

The brain and spinal cord. Brain is the cerebrum and cerebellum. The cerebrum consists of the neocortex, subcortex,and brainstem.

What are the two nervous systems?

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

What does the PNS consist of?

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves. Any involuntary functions (heart rate/digestion)

Where is the neocortex located?

Outer covering of the brain

Where is the subcortex located?

Inside/middle of the brain

Top =

Superior/Dorsal

Bottom =

Inferior/Ventral

Front =

Anterior/frontal/rostral

Back =

Posterior/caudal

Side =

Lateral

Towards the center =

medial

Coronal dissection

front and back halves (anterior and posterior)

Axial dissections

top and bottom halves (superior and inferior)

Sagittal dissection

Left and right halves (down the center is the midline cut)

What is the surface of the cerebrum that it not flat made up of?

Gyri (gyrus/bump) and sulci (sulcus/lines)

What is gray matter? And where is located?

Known as the neocortex on the outside of the brain. It processes our information

What is white matter and where is it located?

Known as the corpus callosum, it connects the gray matter and helps with processing

Define frontal lobe

• Higher mental functions 

• Language (LH)

• Personality 

• Executive functions

Define Parietal lobe

• Sensation

• Spatial awareness

• Identifying areas: Lateral sulcus and central sulcus

Define Temporal lobe

• Language (LH)

• Memory for facts

• Facial recognition

• Identifying areas: Lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)

Define Occipital lobe

• Visual processing

Identify 

1. Dorsal 

2. Rostral 

3. Ventral 

4. Caudal

1. Superior 

2. Anterior 

3. Inferior 

4. Postr

Define Pre central gyrus (primary motor cortex or BA4)

Initiates contralateral movement (action axecution)

Define Premotor & supplementary motor area (BA6)

Motor learning/Action planning