AP Psych Test Review- Unit 9a

Which of the following refers to the debate about the relative contribution of genetic inheritance and experiences to our development?

nature-nurture

Developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive and _____ changes throughout the human life cycle.

social

After about 10 days, a fertilized egg cell attaches to the uterine wall. What is the developing human called at this point in development?

embryo

The heart begins to beat during the ____ period of prenatal development.

embryonic

Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to a fetus through the

placenta

Human sperm cells ___ than egg cells.

are much smaller

During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organisms begins as a(n)

zygote the becomes an embryo, and finally develops into a fetus ???

If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n)

teratogen

Sierra, a 28-year-old heroin addict, is pregnant. Her baby will be born

a heroin addict

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome are most likely to include

brain abnormalities

Three-month-old Andrew was obviously startled by the first ring of the telephone, but with each subsequent ring he seemed to become less reactive. This best illustrates the process of

habituation

Kristin is a normal, healthy newborn. Research indicates that

she has most of the brain cells she is ever going to have

Beginning after puberty, excess neural connections in the brain's association areas are reduce through a process of

pruning

Identical twins typically begin walking on nearly the same day. This best illustrates the importance of ____ to motor skills.

genes

It is difficult to successfully train many children to walk before they are 10 months old. This best illustrates the importance of

maturation

Mr. and Mrs. Batson are making plans to begin toilet training their six month old daughter. The Batsons most clearly need to be informed about the importance of

maturation

Four-year-old Karen can't remember anything of the first few months of her life. This is best explained by the fact that

the areas of brain underlying memory are not fully developed ???

Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of ____ development.

cognitive

Piaget was convinced that the mind of a child

develops through a series of stages

Three-year-old Bert, who lives in Alaska where moose roam freely, has learned the schema for moose. When his family visits his cousin Michael on a horse farm, Bert modifies his schema for large, shaggy animals to include horses. This process is called

accomadation

Three-year-old Zara calls all four-legged animals "kitties." Her tendency to fit all four-legged animals into her existing conception of a kitten illustrates the process of

assimilation

During which of Piaget's stages does a person develop an awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived?

sensorimotor

Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense of

object permanence

According to Piaget, a child can represent things with words and images but cannot reason with logic during the ____ stage.

preoperational

Mrs. Pearson cut Judy's hot dog into eight pieces and Sylvia's into six pieces. Sylvia cried because she felt she wasn't getting as much hot dog as Judy. Piaget would say that Sylvia doesn't understand the principle of

conservation

Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short, wide glass contains less soda than her brother's tall, narrow glass. Actually, both glasses contain the same amount of soda. This illustrates that Tammy lacks the concept of

conservation

Although Mr. Tong was obviously busy reading an absorbing novel, his 5-year-old daughter kept interrupting him with comments and questions about the TV cartoons she was watching. Before Mr. Tong becomes irritated with his daughter for being inconsiderate, he should be alerted to Piaget's concept of

egocentrism

Four-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. This best illustrates Piaget's concept of

egocentrism

Chloe, a preschooler, can clearly sense when her sister's teasing is intended to be friendly fun or a hostile put-down. This best illustrates that Chloe has developed a(n)

theory of mind

Autism is a disorder characterized by

deficient social interactions due in part from impaired theory of mind

According to Piaget, people are first able to reason abstractly and think hypothetically during the _____ stage.

formal operational

At about 8 months, children become increasingly likely to react to newcomers with tears and distress. This best illustrates

stranger anxiety

A mother who consistently responds supportively to her infant's cries for care and protection is most likely to encourage

secure attachment

Pat is normally very restless and fidgety, whereas Shelley is usually quiet and easygoing. The two children most clearly differ in

temperament

Already at 15 months of age, Justin strongly sense that he can rely on his father to comfort and protect him. This most clearly contributes to

basic trust

Debbie is a typical 18-month old. When her mom puts a pink bow in her hair and sits her in front of a mirror, she is likely to

recognize the image as herself and reach to touch the bow in her hair

The McDougals use harsh discipline on their children and demand unquestioning obedience. Psychologists are likely to characterize the McDougals as ____ parents.

authoritarian

At age 12, Sean is happy, self-reliant and has a positive self-image. It is most likley that Sean's parents are

authoritative

The Albertsons establish and enforce rules for their children to follow. They give reasons for the rules and invite their teenagers to join in the discussion when new rules are being made. Psychologists would characterize the Albertsons as ____ parents

authoritative ???