Bacterial Diseases Virulence factors

_____ cause the coagulation of blood plasma to put a layer of fibrin around cells. Which may protect the cells from phagocytosis in body.

Coalgulase (staph)

____ activates a blood plasma protein (plasminogen) to protease (plasmin) that digests fibrin in clots.

Staphylokinase (staph)

____ digests hyaluronic acid that binds together connective tissue to allow invasion of tissues.

Hyaluronidase (staph/strep)

____ digest DNA and RNA.

Nucleases (staph/strep)

_____ allows staphylococci to colonize oily skin surfaces.

Lipase (staph)

____ destroy penicillins.

Penicillinase (staph/neis)

____ lyse RBCs.

Hemolysins (staph)

____ lyses WBCs.

Leukocidins (staph)

____ damage intestinal epitherial cells causing water and electrolyte loss (secretory diarrhea).

Enterotoxins (staph)

____ cause loss of epidermal layer of skin.

Exfoliative toxins (staph)

_____ a cell wall-associated protein that binds antibody molecules (IgG) nonspecifically and incapacitates them.

Protein A (staph)

_____ some strains produce a potent toxin that enters blood and causes fever, rash, vomiting, liver damage, renal failure, etc. Organism can be growing in nasal
passages in men, women or children, but this is usually due to a vaginal infection in women.

TSS (toxic shock syndrome) toxins

____ protects against phagocytosis and aide in attachment.

Capsule (strep)

_____ protect cells from lysozyme and aid in adherence to epithelial cells. Including teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids

Surface polysaccharides (strep)

____ a type part of fimbriae, gives resistance to phagocytosis and aids in adherence.

M proteins (strep)

____ damages RBCs, WBCs, liver, and heart muscle cells.

Hemolysin (strep)

_____ produces red rash and fever associated with scarlet fever (only produced by lysogenized strains).

Erythrogenic toxin (strep)

_____ activates a blood plasma protein (plasminogen) to a protease (plasmin) that digests fibrin in clots.

Streptokinase (strep)

____ aid in attachment to mucous membranes and resistance to phagocytosis.

Fimbriae and capsules (Neisseria)

____ released from cell envelopes following cell lysis; causes fever, hemorrhage, inflammation, abortion, and toxic shock.

LPS (endotoxins) (Neisseria)

____ destroys secretory antibody (Ig A) on the surface of mucous membrane.

IgA protease (Neisseria)

____ prevents killing by phagocytosis

Polypeptide capsule (B. anthracis)

edema, cell death, toxic shock

Exotoxin (B. anthracis)

Are proteins on the surface of a bacterial cell that allows them to enter host cells.

Invasin proteins

It consists of two subunits that must combine to enter the target cell, where it can then exert its toxic effects.

AB toxin