Test 1: Study Guide

coccus

the term used to describe bacteria that have a spherical shape

endotoxin

the lipopolysaccharide that is found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is also known as

it is found only in gram-positive bacteria

all of the following are statements are about the periplasmic space are true except:

complex

media. containing some ingredients of unknown chemical composition are called _____ media

the depletion of an essential nutrient
a lack of available oxygen.
the accumulation of toxic waste products

cell may enter stationary phase because of

psychrotrophs

organisms that grow at 0C & have a max growth temp of 35C are called

aerotolerant

Organisms that ignore oxygen and grow equally well in its presence or absence are called

Nucleic Acid
Capsid

Basic component/s in virus structure organization is/are?

relate certain germs with certain diseases

Koch's postulates

Bacteria

which microorganism is prokaryotic

fungi
protists
bacteria
viruses

Helping clean up oil spills
degrading dangerous environmental wastes
providing solutions to toxic waste removal

which of the following is role for bioremediation

Fungi to bacteria to virus

which of the following microorganisms order exhibits. decreasing size

Capsule
Peptidoglycan

In a bacterial cell, which is not a component cytoplasm

it is used in conjugation

all of the following are characteristics of the bacterial flagellum are true except:

flagella are longer. than Pili
may be virulence factors
it is used in conjugation
attachment to surfaces

gram negative

Pili are found in ____ bacteria

cellulose

cell walls of fungi may consist of

Mitochondria

which cell organelle is powerhouse of the cell

a virus consist DNA and RNA

which statements about the virus is true except


virus is acellular
virus need host to replicate
a virus consist DNA orRNA
a virus consist DNA and RNA

binary fission

bacteria reproduce by

lag

the generation time for a bacteria species would be. determined during the _____ phase

X-rays

which electromagnetic radiation has high energy

Grow

a culture media can use for ______ microorganisms

thick layer of peptidoglycan
teichoic acids

which structure is not present in gram-negative bacterial cells

cell membrane synthesis

which is a function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Eukaryotic cells.

chloroplast

the organelle responsible for harvesting light as an energy source for photosynthesis is the

a.) Picture 1 is that of a prokaryotic cell, does not contain a membrane bound nucleus. Picture 2 is that of a Eukaryotic cell, contains a membrane bound nucleus

b) flagella - monotrichous

c) that is the rough endoplasmic reticulum, this is because ribosomes are attached.

a) Thre are two pictures of microbial cells ( picture 1 and picture 2). Please mention which one is prokaryotic and which is eukaryotic. Why prokaryotic and why eukaryotic

b) In picture 1, microbial cell present flagella. What type of flagella are present?

c) in picture 2, microbial cell present the Endoplasmic Reticulum. What type of Endoplasmic reticulum is this? and why

A) log phase lasts from 2 to 5 hours

b) lag phase lasts from 1 to 2 hours

c) decline phase starts after hour 7

d) stationary phase lasts from hour 5 to 7

e) the lag phase has the lowest number of cells because the cells need to adapt to their environment, no cell division occurs

f) cells grow a lot during hours 2-5 because this is the log phase, this is when there is an exponential growth of the population. during the decline phase, there is an accumulation of waste products and less resources causing the cells to die

a) Log phase lasts from........................... hour

b) Lag phase lasts from.......................... hour

c) Decline phase start after.. hours

d) Stationary phase lasts from.............................hour

e) Which phase of the growth curve has the lowest cell number and why?

f) Why cell number increase exponentially from 2 to 5 hours and cell number start to do decline after 7 hours?

Gram - have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer lipid membrane
layer
gram + have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer lipid membrane
layer.

Write the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

A. Chicken will not be the same. It will have lost water hypertonic. It will smell. The chicken contains more water than the cereal

b. The cereal will be in the normal condition. It does not contain much water it is hypotonic if anything it will collect water since it is so dry.

C. I would recommend him throw the chicken away, it needed to be
refrigerated. And if the cereals is wet I would throw away as well due to bacteria growth. But if dry it should be Safe to eat

a) In your opinion, did he find the chicken in normal condition as purchased from the grocery store. If yes/ No- Why? Answer in the reference of water activity.

b) In your opinion, did he find breakfast cereal in a normal condition as purchased from the grocery store. If yes/ No- Why? Answer in the reference of water activity.
C) If you were there what you would suggest him

yes a virus can replicate as long as it has a host! If a person is running
and is breathing without a mask they are spreading droplet particles and can spread it to another runner passing by and therefor the virus has a new host to spread to

As we know that Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a contagious virus and a serious problem of present days. Mr. X. who was infected with coronavirus was running in a bike trail without a mask and spit (saliva contain COVID-19 virus) on the running trail.

Do you think this virus can replicate in the bike trail? if Yes/No why?

Viruses are tinier than bacteria. Viruses can not survive without a host
unlike bacteria. Bacteria are cellular, while viruses are acellular..
bacteria have a peptidoglycan membrane around them

Write 2 differences between bacterial and virus cells structure.

a) below the minimum temperature the transport processes are so slow that growth cannot occur. above the maximum temperature causes protein denaturation and the cytoplasmic membrane to collapse

B) Bacterial growth is the highest at optimum temperature because it
leads to the fastest metabolism.

a) Why bacterial growth rate below minimum and above a maximum temperature is very low or none. Please describe the reasons

b) Why bacterial grow best at optimum temperature?

1. Attachment
2. Entry
3. Biosynthesis
4. Assembly
5. Release

How the virus replicates in host cells. Please include all the steps

Some examples... They aid in digestion, development of the immune system. they are also essential to making some of the food we eat such as bread, cheese, and wine.

How microorganisms are related to our daily life? Please explain with examples.

A) no but a nucleoid is present

b) a plasmid is extrachromosomal DNA molecules that is found in
bacteria, Archaea, and some fungi.

c) yes it is present

d) plasmids carry antibiotic-resistance genes.

a) Do you think nucleus is present in above bacterial cell?

b) What is plasmid?

C) Is it present in above bacterial cells?

d) What is the functions of plasmid?

PH is the measure of the relative acidity of a solution. A pH of 1-6 is
considered acidic, so the lower the pH the more acidic a substance is.The higher the pH the more basic a substance is.

cetain microbes grow better at different ph's. Such as acidophiles grow best with a ph between 0-.5.5 (ferroplasma spp.), neutrophiles grow best between 5.5-8 (staphylococcus aureus), alkaliphiles grow best between 8.0-11.5. (Bacillus alcalophilus)

What is pH? How it affects microbial growth?

the generation time is the time required for the population to double its size. The generation time varies with different species of
microorganisms and certain environmental factors.

What is generation time?