Autonomic Nervous System (chapter 18)

somatic nervous system

innervates skeletal muscle and receives somatosensory info. Voluntary actions.

autonomic nervous system

involuntary, innervates viscera (organs).

sensory nervous system motor nuerons

single motor nueron axon extends from spinal cord to skeletal muscle

acetylcholine

released by somatic nervous system motor nuerons, tells muscles they have been signaled to contract

autonomic nervous system motor nuerons

two nueron chain that innervates involuntary muscles and glands

acetylcholine and norepinephrine

released by motor nuerons in autonomic nervous system

preganglionic nueron

the first nueron in ANS pathway

ganglionic nueron

how many motor nuerons are involved in the somatic motor pathway

one

what neurotransmitter is released by the motor nueron

acetylcholine

where is the cell body of a preganglionic nueron (ANS) located

brain/spinal cord

myelinated

is the preganglionic axon myelinated or unmyelinated

where does the ganglionic nueron of the ANS axon extend to?

effector cells

what nuerotransmitters can the ganglionic nueron release

acetocholine and norepinephrine

rest and digest

primary function of the parasympathetic division

flight, fight, stress

primary function of the sympathetic division

where are the ganglia located in the parasympathetic division?

parts of some cranial nerves, sacral part of spinal cord

where are the ganglia located in the sympathetic division?

lateral horns of TI-L2

maintain homeostasis

role of the parasympathetic division

discrete and localized

typical affect of parasympathetic activity

in or close to effector

where are cell bodies of parasympathetic motor nuerons located

terminal ganglia

location of parasympathetic preganglionic synaption, axons travel from it to target organ

CN III, VII, IX, X

what cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division

S2-S4 segments of spinal cord

where are the sacral components of the parasympathetic division found

the lateral horns of T1-L2 region

where are the preganglionic motor nueron cell bodies located in the sympathetic division

mass action

activates a lot of things at once

what kind of effect does the sympathetic nervous system have

mass action

hypothallamus

structure that oversees all ANS activity

Brainstem (medulla+PONS)

where are the major reflex centers located

Spinal cord

area outside brain that contains some reflex centers for ANS

constrict pupil

what is the parasympathetic function of the Iris

thin saliva

what is the parasympathetic function of the salivary glands

decrease

what is the parasympathetic function of the heart rate

constrict bronco tubes

what is the parasympathetic function of the lungs

stimulate/excite

what is the parasympathetic function of the digestive tract

erection

what is the parasympathetic function of the penis

dilate pupil

what is the sympathetic function of the Iris

thicken saliva

what is the sympathetic function of the salivary glands

increase rate

what is the sympathetic function of the heart rate

dilate bronco tubes

what is the sympathetic function of the lungs

inhibit

what is the sympathetic function of the digestive tract

ejaculation

what is the sympathetic function of the penis

horner syndrome

Horner syndrome is a rare neurological condition that affects the eye and the surrounding area on one side of the face. It is characterized by a combination of symptoms, including ptosis (drooping eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and anhidrosis (lack of sweating)

3 types of effectors the ANS controls

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands

white ramus

runs from spinal nerve to sympathetic trunk

sympathetic trunks

long chains of axons on either side of the vertebral column, contain ganglia

gray rami

run from sympathetic trunk to spinal nerve, contains sympathetic post ganglionic axons

sympathetic postganglionic axons

what type of axons do splanchinic nerves contain that travle directly to target organ

prevertebral ganglia

on top of spinal cord, where the splanchnic nerves synapse

spinal nerve, postganglionic sympathetic nerve, splanchnic nerve

the sympathetic pathways

spinal nerve pathway

synapse in white ramus, leave in gray ramus

postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway

white ramus, no grey ramus

splanchnic nerve pathway

enters via white ramus, goes to abdominal or pelvic organs