RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING OF THE PELVIS AND UPPER FEMORA

Hip Bone

Also known as os coxae, consists of ilium, pubis, and ischium; forms the acetabulum.

Acetabulum

The cup-shaped socket that receives the head of the femur.

Ilium

The uppermost and largest part of the hip bone, consisting of a body and the ala.

Ilium

Broad andcirve

2/5 of acetabulum superiorly

Body of ilium forms approximately???

Anterior, posterior, superior

Three borders of ala

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS), Posterior superior iliac spine(PSIS), Posterior Inferior Iliac spine (PIIS)

4 prominent projection of anterior and posterior borders

1/5 of acetabulum anteriorly

Body of pubis forms approximately???

Superior Ramus

It projectz inferiorly and medially from acetabulum to mid.ine of body

Inferior ramus

Lower portion f pubis is the

Pubis

A part of the hip bone consisting of a body, superior ramus, and inferior ramus.

2/5 of acetabulum posteriorly

Body of ischium forms approximately???

Ischium

The lower part of the hip bone, consisting of a body and ischial ramus.

Ischial tuberosity

An expanded portion where it projects posteriorly and inferiorly from the acetabulum

Femur

Longetz, strongest, and largest bone in body

Trochanters

Large processes on the upper end of the femur, including greater and lesser trochanters.

Femoral head

Is connected to femoral body and is smooth and rounded

Proximal Femur

The upper end of the femur, consisting of the head, neck, and trochanters.

Femoral neck

Pyramid-shaped bone that is received into acetabular cavity of hip bone

Pelvis

The structure formed by the hip bones that supports the spine and houses organs.

Femoral Body

Connected to femoral head by pyramid shaped neck

Synovial ball and socket joint

Articulation bw acetabulum and head of femur that permits free movement in all directions

Female Pelvis

Characterized by being lighter, wider, shallower, and shaped for childbearing.

Cartilaginous, symphysis, slightly movable

Pubic symphysis tissue, type, and movement structural classification

Synovial, irregular gliding, slightly movable

Sacroiliac joint tissue, type, and movement structural classification

Narrow and deep, heavy, round and narrow

Male pelvis characteristics

Stature and gender

The width and depth pelvis may vary with???

Greater trochanter of femur, iliac crest, pubic symphysis, ASIS, ischial tuberosity, tip of coccyx

Localizing anatomic structures and bony landmark

Anykolising spondylitis

Rheumatoid arthritis variant involving SI Joint and spine

Congenital hip dysplasia

Malformation of acetabulum causing displacement of femoral head

Dislocation

Displacement of bone from jt space

Hip Joint

A synovial ball-and-socket joint formed by the acetabulum and femoral head.

Fracture

Disruption in continuity of bone

Legg-calvé-perthes disease

Flattening of femoral head due to vascular interruption

Metastases

Transfer of cancerous lesion fr one area to another

Osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease

Form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilagedeterioration in synovial joint vertebrae

Osteoporosis

Loss of bone density

Osteopetrosis

Increased density of atypical soft bone

Paget’s disease

Thick,soft bone marked by bowing and fractures

Slipped epiphysis

Prox portion of femur dislocated from distal portion at the proximal epiphysis

Tumor

New tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled

Chondrosarcoma

Malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells

Multiple myeloma

Malignant neoplasm of plasma cells involving the bone marrow and causing destruction of bone

ASIS

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine, a prominent bony projection of the ilium.

Ischial Tuberosity

The expanded portion of the ischium that bears weight when seated.

Dorsal Decubitus Projection

A lateral projection of the pelvis recommended for demonstration of specific fractures.

Contralateral

Opposite side; often used in reference to positioning during imaging.

Axiolateral Projection

A radiographic projection used to visualize specific angles of the femoral neck.

Cephalic Angulation

The upward angling direction of the X-ray beam.

Internal Oblique Position

A positioning technique to visualize the anterior rim of the acetabulum.

External Oblique Position

A positioning technique used for the posterior rim of the acetabulum.

Superoinferior Axial Projection

An angled projection directing the X-ray beam from above downward.

Pelvic Rim

The bony boundary that outlines the pelvic cavity.

Judets Method

A two 45° posterior oblique position useful for diagnosing acetabular fractures.

Congenital Dislocation of the Hip

A condition where the femoral head is improperly located in the acetabulum.

Fracture Dislocation

An injury where a fracture occurs at a joint affecting its stability.

PA Projection

Posteroanterior projection, used for various radiographic views of the pelvis.

Outlet Projection

An angled projection of the pelvis emphasizing the pelvic rami.

Inlet Projection

A projection that focuses on the superior aspect of the pelvic inlet.

Lilienfeld Method

A positioning method requiring an upright seated position for pelvic imaging.

Taylor Method

An axial projection for examining the pelvic rami.

Teufel Method

A PA axial oblique projection of the acetabulum and femur.

Fovea Capitis

The small pit on the head of the femur that’s important for hip joint stability.

Ischial Ramus

The lower part of the pubis that connects to the ischium.

Obturator Foramina

The large openings in the pelvis through which nerves and blood vessels pass.

Sacral Promontory

The anterior projection of the sacrum.

Lumbosacral Junction

The area where the lumbar spine meets the sacrum.

Coccyx

The small bone at the base of the vertebral column.

Symmetric Appearance

An indication that no rotation occurred during pelvis imaging.

Medial-Lateral Rotation

Rotating the femur to visualize anatomical structures without overlap.

Bilateral Projection

A projection that includes both sides of the pelvis for comparative analysis.

Unilateral Projection

A projection focusing on one side of the pelvic structure.

Greater Trochanter

A large bony projection on the femur, located laterally at the proximal end.

Lumbosacral Region

The area of the spine that is between the lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum.

Pelvic Bones

The bones that comprise the pelvis, including both the hip bones and the spine.

Proximal Femora

The upper sections of both femurs that connect with the pelvis.

Radiographic Positioning

The alignment and orientation of the body during X-ray imaging.

Pelvic Projection

A radiographic image taken of the pelvic region.

Axiolateral Hip Projection

A special imaging technique for detailed views of the hip joint.

Valgus Deformity

An angling away from the midline of the body, often referring to the knees.

Varus Deformity

An angling towards the midline of the body, often referring to the knees.

Femoral Neck

The section of the femur located just below the head.

Hickey Method

A specific technique for mediolateral projections of the hip.

Berkebile, Fischer, Albrecht Recommendations

Suggested methodologies for imaging based on specific conditions.

Infraischial Projection

An imaging technique focusing on the area below the ischium.

Mediolateral Projection

The X-ray beam travels from the medial side to the lateral side of the body.

Medial Compartment of the Hip

The area of the hip joint located towards the body's midline.

Proximal Body of the Femur

The closest part of the femur that articulates with the hip.

AP Projections

Anterior-posterior projections capturing the front and back of the body.

Dorsal Decubitus Projection

Lateral positioning of a patient for specific imaging needs.

Clements-Nakayama Modification

A modification for positioning patients with hip issues during imaging.

Friedman Method

A technique utilizing a lateral recumbent position for hip imaging.

Urist Reco Method

A specific positioning technique for hip projection that involves the oblique position.