Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts related to genetic linkage and mapping in eukaryotes covered in the lecture.

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content, pairing up during meiosis.

Centromeres

The region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined together.

Chiasmata

Points of genetic exchange between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Genetic Linkage

The tendency of genes located close to each other on a chromosome to be inherited together.

Chi-Square Test

A statistical method used to determine if there is a significant difference between observed and expected frequencies.

Dihybrid Cross

A genetic cross between individuals differing in two traits.

Independent Assortment

The principle that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.

Parental Gametes

Gametes that contain the same combination of alleles as the parents.

Recombinant Gametes

Gametes that contain a new combination of alleles as a result of crossing over.

Map Units

A unit of measurement for genetic distance equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency.

Crossover

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Synapsis

The pairing of two homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Double Crossover Event

An event where two crossovers occur between the same two chromatids.

Coefficient of Coincidence

A measure of the frequency of double crossovers observed compared to the frequency expected.

Interference

The phenomenon where the occurrence of one crossover event inhibits the occurrence of another crossover event nearby.

Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR)

Repeating sequences of DNA that can be used as genetic markers.

Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

Studies that look for associations between genetic variants and traits across the entire genome.

Physical Map vs Recombination Map

A physical map provides the actual physical distances between genes, whereas a recombination map is based on recombination frequencies.

Three-Point Mapping

A method used to determine the order and distance between three genes on a chromosome.