Clinical Neuroscience (Quiz 1 & Midterm 1)

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Peripheral Nervous System

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, 66, 66, 67, 138

Autonomic Nervous System

part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart, intestines, and other organs, 67, 67, 69–70

Thalamus

a pair of structures (left and right) in the center of the forebrain. It resembles two small avocados joined side by side. Most sensory information goes first to the thalamus, which processes it and sends output to the cerebral cortex.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

sometimes called the “rest and digest” system, facilitates vegetative, nonemergency responses.

Central Nervous System

the brain and the spinal cord, 65, 66, 201

Sympathetic Nervous System

a network of nerves that prepares the organs for a burst of vigorous activity, consists of chains of ganglia just to the left and right of the spinal cord’s central regions (the thoracic and lumbar areas).

Hypothalamus

small area near the base of the brain, ventral to the thalamus, 57–59, 75

Nerve

A set of axons in the periphery, either from the CNS

to a muscle or gland or from a sensory organ to the

CNS, 68

Clinical Neuroscience

includes much that is relevant to behavior, but it includes more detail about anatomy and chemistry

Endorphin

transmitters that attach to the same receptors as morphine, 54, 205–206, 206

Action Potential

all-or-none message sent by axon, 28, 30–32.

Neuropeptide

chains of amino acids, 50, 53–55

Neurotransmitter

chemicals released by neurons that affect other neurons

Prefrontal Cortex

anterior portion of the frontal lobe, which responds mostly to the sensory stimuli that signal the need for a movement, 83, 85, 85–86, 118, 119, 314

What are the names of the four lobes of the cortex

para

“beside“ or “related to“