Fertilization and Embryology

These flashcards cover key concepts from the Fertilization and Embryology lecture, focusing on the processes of fertilization, stages of fetal development, teratogens, and placental structure and function.

What is the process of union of one egg and one sperm called?

Fertilization

What is the key function of the placenta?

Provides metabolic support, gas exchange, and antibody transfer between mother and fetus.

What is a teratogen?

An agent that can cause defects in the developing baby during pregnancy.

What does the term 'dizygotic twins' refer to?

Twins that arise from two separate eggs fertilized by two separate sperm.

At what maternal age is advanced maternal age considered?

Greater than 35 years.

What is the recommended daily intake of folic acid for women of childbearing age?

400 mcg per day.

What stage of fetal development occurs from fertilization through week 2?

Preembryonic stage.

What carries oxygenated blood to the fetus?

Umbilical vein.

What is the significance of the foramen ovale in fetal circulation?

It allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs.

What structure is formed after fertilization that contains 46 chromosomes?

Zygote.

What major forms of twins are identified in multifetal pregnancies?

Dizygotic, monozygotic, and conjoined twins.

What are the primary sources of amniotic fluid?

Fetal urine and fluid from maternal blood.

What does the term 'NTD' stand for?

Neural tube defect.

How long does it typically take for a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus?

7 to 10 days.

What are the two types of cells that make up the early human embryo?

Inner cell mass and trophoblast.

What is the hormone responsible for maintaining the zygote during early pregnancy?

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).