American History Chapter 30

NWACC

who designed the postage stamp to commemorate Expo 74 - the world fair

Peter Max

what was the theme of Expo 74

the natural environment

what was a popular fashion in the late 60s/early 70s

bellbottoms

what was at the center of the Expo 74 stamp

Cosmic Runner

what 4 main concerns began to draw the attention of the mainstream in the 70s

environment, social justice, distrust of the govt, ending the war in Vietnam

term for political movements of the 70s where subgroups focused on issues important to them

identity politics

what developed in opposition to the dominant culture of society

counterculture

term for those that rejected the norms of the traditional society, men growing long hair, wearing non-western clothing, etc

hippies

hippies turned to what to express their sense of self

music

where did some hippies live in rural areas to live closer to nature and respect the earth

communes

what famous commune was created in TN

The Farm

what music was popular among hippies and others in the counterculture

rock and folk

what music festival had 400,000 in NY and was the symbol of the independent and freedom of Americans coming of age (becoming adults)

Woodstock

who opened for Woodstock

Swami Satchidananda

which reporter for Kaleidoscope newspaper covered Woodstock

Mark Goff

in 1968, a group of American Indian activists formed what group

American Indian Movement (AIM)

3 activists that helped form AIM (American Indian Movement)

Dennis Banks, George Mitchell, Clyde Bellecourt

what did AIM put by the Washington Monument in DC

teepee

where did AIM try to build a cultural center but not succeed

Alcatraz Island

who delivered the proclamation that Alcatraz Island should be given to American Indians for only $24

Mohawk Richard Oakes

name for the AIM’s march on Washington DC

Trail of Broken Treaties

what community did AIM occupy as a protest

Wounded Knee, SD on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation

why was wounded knee significant

it was the site of an 1890 massacre of members of the Lakota tribe by the US Army

what two reasons did AIM go to Wounded Knee

the failed impeachment of tribal president Dick Wilson and to criticize the govt for failing to live up to its treaties with Indians

what did the US do when AIM went to Wounded Knee

sent US marshals and law enforcement to surround the area and a 71-day shootout occurred

which 2 AIM leaders were arrested at Wounded Knee but then released

Dennis Banks and Russell Means

what was the first postwar organization for gay civil rights

Mattachine Society

what was the first national organization for lesbians

Daughters of Bilitis

what was the first transgender organization

National Transsexual Counseling Unit

where was the most famous gay rights movement of the time

NY at Stonewall Inn

what groups formed after the riot at Stonewall Inn to protest discrimination of gays

Gay Liberation Front and Gay Activists’ Alliance

term for gays coming into the political sphere instead of hiding

come out

first lesbian woman voted into a political office

Kathy Kozachenko

first gay man voted into a political office

Harvey Milk

who shot Harvey Milk

Dan White

what was the first big step toward better gay rights

decriminalization of relations

what was the first state to decriminalize gay relations

Illinois

what did the media call feminists (those advocating for women’s rights)

women’s libbers

what radical group was an association of multiple women’s activist groups

Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH)

what US Supreme Court case made abortion federally legal during the first 3 months of pregnancy

Roe v Wade

many advances in women’s rights were the result of what

women’s greater engagement in politics

who was the first Asian American elected to Congress and co-author of the Education Amendments Act of 1972

Patsy Mink

what did the Education Amendments Act of 1972 prohibit

gender discrimination in education

what group helped many women get into a political office

National Women’s Political Caucus (NWPC)

which 4 women helped form the NWPC (National Women’s Political Caucus)

Bella Abzug, Gloria Steinem, Shirley Chisholm, and Myrlie Evers-Williams

who was the first black woman elected to Congress

Shirley Chisholm

who was the first black women to run for president

Shirley Chisholm

who became president in 1968

Richard Nixon

what did Nixon do with civil rights

purposely slowed the civil rights movement down

what was Nixon’s greatest success

foreign policy

what was Nixon’s biggest priority in his first term

reelection

what group of people did Nixon appeal to

conservative Republicans

what was Nixon’s political strategy to appeal to white people by saying southern states should be allowed to pursue racial equality at their own pace and by criticizing forced integration

southern strategy

did Nixon denounce (say was bad) segregation and the denial of blacks being able to vote

yes

South Carolina senator who wanted segregation so he supported Nixon

Strom Thurmond

term for a group whose political desires is usually not heard, in this case, blue-collar workers in the North that Nixon catered to

silent majority

how did northern blue-collar workers feel

war protests challenged patriotism, drugs threatened self-discipline, and that govt helping blacks threatened their privileged place in politics

what did Nixon promise

stability and law and order

which Supreme Court Justice did Nixon say had used the 14th amendment to coddle criminals and give them protections

Earl Warren

where did most of Nixon’s votes come from?

suburbs

term for blue-collar/working-class and suburban Americans who were tired of social turmoil that Nixon appealed to

“middle America”

who was Nixon’s VP that said the Democrats were irresponsible and “soft on communism”

Spiro T Agnew

what broke the Democrats apart

the war in Vietnam

who challenged Johnson to be the Democrat’s candidate for the 1968 election

Eugene McCarthy

which TV journalist said the Vietnam war was unwinnable

Walter Cronkite

when Johnson withdrew from the presidential race in 1968, who took his place

his VP Hubert H Humphrey 

what did Hubert Humphrey promise

Politics of Joy

what other Democrat entered the presidential race

Robert Kennedy

which groups did Robert Kennedy appeal to

Catholics and minorities

term for southern democrats who opposed civil rights

Dixiecrats

who was the 3rd party candidate that Dixiecrats supported

George C Wallace

what happened to Robert Kennedy during his presidential race

he was shot and killed

who shot Robert Kennedy

Sirhan B Sirhan

why did Sirhan shoot Robert Kennedy

Kennedy advocated for military support for Israel in its conflict with neighboring countries, including Jordan where Sirhan was from

term for members of the Youth International Party

Yippies

what did the Youth International Party call for

establishment of a new nation consisting of cooperative institutions

which 2 people founded the Youth International Party

Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman

what did the Yippies nominate for president and why

a pig named Pigasus to show their contempt for “the establishment”

after the Yippies nominated a pig, chaos started so Chicago’s Mayor did what

called on thousands of police officers, National Guards, and Army soldiers which caused a police riot where they beat innocent protestors

term for the protestors who nominated the pig and incited a riot

Chicago Seven, which included Jerry Rubbin and Abbie Hoffman

Humphrey became the Democratic nominee, but what hurt him the most

the images of the violence of the police riot and the impression that things were spinning out of control, so people wanted Nixon because he promised law and order

who said an “open” America did not mean full integration and that it was natural for different ethnic groups to leive in their own areas

Nixon

what one thing did Nixon do for minorities

expanded affirmative action - program to improve employment and educational opportunities for minorities

term for a general rise in prices that was threatening economic expansion and purchasing power of Americans

inflation

was there inflation in the late 60s when Nixon took office

yes

although he had criticized Johnson’s Great Society before being elected, what 2 similar things did Nixon do to help the economy

signed a tax bill that eliminated investment taxes and taxes for the poorest people & federalized the food stamp program

term for Nixon allowing “block grants” to states to spend as they wished

New Federalism

by the mid 70s, what was happening to the economy

a recession (drop in economic activity and spending) was starting and unemployment had doubled

term for high inflation, high unemployment, and slow economic growth

stagflation

besides US policies, what 2 major things were causing economic troubles

industrial development finally happening in Asia and Western Europe after WW2, especially Germany and Japan, that brought competition to US businesses & the devaluation of the US dollar because foreign banks had more US currency than US gold reserves

what war was between Syria and Egypt vs Israel

Yom Kippur War

which country aided Syria and Egypt

Soviet Union

which country aided Israel

US

what happened when the US supported Israel

Arab countries considered the US an enemy and imposed an embargo (ban) on oil shipments to the US for about 6 months

what did the oil embargo cause in the US

an oil shortage that drove the cost of a barrel up 4x, increased the cost per gallon, and increased the cost of many goods that relied on oil

what event in the late 60s gave Americans a huge sense of pride in rough times

landing on the moon

2 men to walk on the moon first (1969)

Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin

what did Nixon prioritize

foreign policy

what were the 5 major economic powers in the late 60s

US, Western Europe, Soviet Union, China, Japan

what did Nixon try to do with the major economic powers

pit them against each other