Chapter 1 - An Introduction to Biology Notes

Principle 1

• Cells are the simplest unit of life

• involves cell theory

Principle 2

Living organisms use energy

Principle 3

• Living organisms interact with their environment

• includes both living (predators) and non-living  components (light)

Principle 4

• Living organisms maintain homeostasis

• differ between species

Principle 5

The genetic material (DNA) provides a blueprint that allows organisms to grow, develop, and reproduce

Principle 6

Populations of organisms evolve from one generation to the next and are related by an evolutionary history

Principle 7

Structure determines function

Principle 8

New Properties of life emerge from complex interactions

Principle 9

Biology is an experimental science

Principle 10

Biology is a quantitative science

Principle 11

Biologists use models and simulations to test experimental predictions and convey their ideas

Principle 12

Biology affects our society

Hypothesis

A proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon. Based on previous observations or experiments. Must yield predictions that can be shown to be correct or incorrect (must be testable and falsifiable).

Theory

a well-supported, broad explanation of the natural world, integrating observations, experiments, and laws from other sciences to make predictions and expand our understanding.

Discovery-based science

Involves the collection and analysis of data without having a preconceived hypothesis; the goal is to gather information.

Hypothesis testing (scientific method)

an objective process of gathering knowledge. it starts with observations of natural phenomena, leading to a testable hypothesis, which is then validated or refuted through experiments.

Steps for Scientific Method

1. Observation

2. Question

3. Hypothesis

4. Experiment

5. Analysis

6. Conclusion

7. Communicate