1 - the use of prisons to punish and reform in the nineteenth century

History

Why did prisons become a primary form of punishment in the 19th century?

The increasing use of prisons was due to the decline of transportation, reduction in capital crimes, belief that punishments should take place inside prisons, and the idea that criminals could be reformed.

What role did Robert Peel play in reducing capital punishment?

As Home Secretary, Robert Peel abolished the death penalty for over 100 capital crimes in 1823. By the end of the 19th century, only murder and treason were punishable by death.

What was the purpose of imprisonment in the medieval period?

Prisons were only used as holding places for suspects until trial or release, not as a form of punishment.

What were Bridewells, and what was their purpose?

Bridewells were houses of correction set up by Justices of the Peace during the Tudor period to reform persistent beggars by putting them to work.

Why did the use of prison sentences increase over time?

The belief that punishment should be a deterrent, retribution, and a means of rehabilitating offenders led to the increased use of prison sentences.

What were the conditions like in prisons before the 19th century?

Conditions were appalling—prisoners were brutally treated, there was no set time for imprisonment, and jailers depended on extorting money from prisoners as they received no salary.

Name some notable prisons in 16th-century London and their purposes.

Newgate – for criminals

The Clink – for religious prisoners

The King's Bench – for debtors