History Quiz 12/19

King Cotton

Also known as the cotton kingdom. In 1820 the plantation system transformed Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama into a cotton kingdom which also increased the expansion of slavery. Part of the growing difference between North and South

Adams-Onis Treaty

Spain gave Florida to the U.S and gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory. Part of Era of Good Feelings

American System

Henry Clay proposed this system. His plan proposed three things. A national bank (second bank of the US). A protective tariff (sectional economic differences lead to different impacts). A national transportation system (needed for internal improvements and vetoed by Madison)

Convention of 1818

Adams arranged this. Fixed the US border at the 49th parallel up to the Rocky Mountains. Reached a compromise w/ Britain to jointly occupy the Oregon territory for ten years.  Part of Era of Good Feelings

Corrupt Bargain

In the election of 1824, Henry Clay got to use his power from the House of reps to decide who will win the presidency. He disliked Jackson, so he chose Adams because Adams agreed with the American system. Adams was elected president even though Jackson had won more electoral votes and popular vote and when he appointed Clay to be secretary of state the Jacksonians thought Adams started a corrupt bargain.

Cotton gin

Eli Whitney invented this in 1793. Helped set south of a different course of development from the north. Made it possible for southerners to grow short staple cotton for a profit. Non slave holding farmers had cotton gin so they could claim lands between Appalachians and Mississippi. Accelerated expansion of slavery and led to the cotton kingdom.

Effects of War of 1812

 Confirmation of US independence, new sense of nationalism, boost in American manufacturing, revealed problems in transportation, and convinced older dem-reps to support a stronger federal government.

Eli Whitney

Demonstrated the first musket made of interchangeable parts. Invented cotton gin.

Era of Good Feelings

 James Monroe elected in 1816. Lack of partisanship. Post war nationalism. Several peace treaties. A misnomer (tariff/bank issues, panic of 1819, growing pains in West, sectional balance). 

Erie Canal

Stretched 363 miles. Known as the “big ditch”. Linked the Atlantic ocean to the great lakes. NYC became the economic center of the country. Led to a stronger bond among the states in the US, economic benefits, and increase in population.

Francis Cabot Lowell

An English mill. Using his ideas, people in Boston created a weaving factory with power machinery. His partners Appleton and Jackson, built a bigger operation. The town Lowell was named after him. Francais exemplified the changes wrought by the Industrial Revolution.

Gibbons v. Ogden

It confirmed that the federal government could regulate interstate trade/commerce. Anything that crosses state lines

Henry Clay

(kentucky) Created the american system, MO Compromise, part of “corrupt bargain

Industrial Revolution

Social and economic reorganization that took place as machines replaced hand tools. Large scale factory reproduction developed. Began in Great Britain. Makes mass production possible

Interchangeable parts

Eli Whitney demonstrated this. This means parts that are exactly alike. 

James Monroe

elected president in 1816. His three principles became known as the Monroe Doctrine. Establishes policies that expanded US territory, pushing American settlers into northwest territory. Signed Missouri Compromise.

John Marshall

In Gibbons v Ogden he guided the Supreme Court to a ruling that strengthened the federal government's control over the economy. Under him the Supreme Court made rulings that blocked state interference in business and commerce. The “Marshall Court” expanded the power of the federal govt (Nationalism)

John Quincy Adams

John Adams' son. When Adams died Quincy was in his second term as president. Not effective as the chief executive. His opponent is Jackson. Adams-Onis Treaty, wrote Monroe Doctrine, part of “corrupt bargain”

Marbury v. Madison

_________ established “judicial review” which allows the Supreme Court to reverse decisions/declare laws unconstitutional

Mass production

The production of goods in large quantities. led to the Industrial Rev. 

McCulloch v. Maryland

__________ Established that the bank is, in fact, legal.  States can’t tax the federal government

Missouri Compromise

This was congress's way of resolving the crisis with Henry Clay. Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri was admitted as a slave state. Louisiana territory was split into two sections of interest (slave holders and free settlers). Thomas Jefferson was among those who feared for the Union's future after the compromise. 

Monroe Doctrine

Monroe warned all outside powers not to interfere with affairs in Western Hemisphere and not attempt to create new colonies. The US considers these actions as dangerous. The US would not interfere in European affairs. 

Nationalism

the belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns or the interest of other countries

Rush-Bagot Treaty

_______ led the US and Canada to completely demilitarize their common border

Tallmadge Amendment

For the Missouri statehood bill to require Missouri to free its slaves. It’s not accepted as part of the bill, but it kickstarts the debate on ending slavery in the territories

• North had changing economic conditions. Cash crops didn’t grow well. With that, they chose to industrialize and form mills for mass production. Since they didn’t need slaves to farm, they became anti-slave. Supports tarrifs

• The south utilized the cotton gin to increase cotton production. This increased the amount of slaves in the south. They had little desire to industrialize as they were very successful with the cotton gin. Pro slavery. Doesn’t support tariffs, doesn’t like buying more expensive goods from the north.

How did the economic systems of the North and South differ in the early 1800s? 

• The US had just won the war of 1812, and reaffirmed their independence. There was also the Monroe doctrine that warned foreign countries to not colonize the western hemisphere. The American system also was a supporting factor of nationalism as it set up a plan to unify the nation.

 two factors that contributed to feelings of nationalism in the early 1800s

• Two factors that contributed to the feelings of sectionalism was the Missouri compromise and the differences between the north and south. With the Missouri Compromise there was disputes between not having a balance if Missouri was put in as a slave state, so they put Maine as a free state and Missouri as a free state.

two factors that contributed to the feelings of sectionalism.