U2 Ions + naming ions

What is an ion

A positively or negatively charged group or atoms or atoms, due to it dropping or gaining electrons changing it’s overall charge.

What are the two types of ions

Monatomic means it contains only one element that is charged, polyatomic means multiple elements that are charged

What happens when an atom loses or picks up an electron

When an atom picks up or loses an electron, it disrupts the balance between charges making the atom negative or positively charged, becoming an ion

How are ions formed

By the addition or removal of electrons from neutral atoms

Why do atoms become ions

They do this to try and achieve chemical stability, where they lose and gain atoms to have a full valence shell, satisfying duet or octet rule. It doesn’t matter how much a shell can hold as long as there is 8 in the valence, you can remove a shell

What is the duet and octet rule

Octet rule - atoms will drop and gain electrons to achieve 8 in its valence shell, excluding H and He with duet rule. Duet rule - atoms will drop and gain electrons to achieve 2 in its valence shell

What path do atoms take

Atoms will take the path of least resistance, if there 6 in valence then gain 2 not lose 6.

What is a cation

When an atom loses electrons and becomes a positively charged ion

What is an anion

When an atom gains electrons and becomes a negatively charged ion

Why do metals lose electrons

Group 1, 2, 3 are all cations, they have a loosely held valence so they can easily lose electrons. METALLOIDS ARE BOTH

Why do non-metals gain electrons

Group 15, 16, 17 are all anions, they are great attractors of electrons so they gain electrons easily. METALLOIDS ARE BOTH

What about group 4

In group 4 they don’t become cation or anions they prefer to share which is covalent bonding.

How do you name a cation

You just add cation to the elements name

How do you name an anion

You add ide as the suffix for its name and add anion after