Psych 289

Emerging adulthood

Late teens to mid-to late twenties, a period when individuals are not adolescents but are not yet fully adults

Rites of passage

Rituals marking initiation into adulthood often among the most important ones in a culture

Role transitions

In western culture, the most widely used criteria for deciding whether a person has reached adulthood, involve assuming new responsibilities and duties

Returning adult students

Colleges refer to students over 25 as this which implies they have reached adulthood

Edgework

The desire to live life more on the edge through physically and emotionally threatening situations that are on the boundary between life and death

Intimacy vs isolation

According to erik Erikson, major task for young adults is dealing with the psychosocial conflict, the 6th step

Binge drinking

Men-5 or more drinks where women- 4 or more drinks over the span of the last 2 weeks

Addiction

Alcoholism- alcoholics demonstrate physical dependence on alcohol and experience withdrawal symptoms when they do NOT drink

Metabolism

How much energy the body needs

Low-density lipoproteins

Cause fatty deposits, to accumulate in arteries, impeding blood flow

High-density lipoproteins

Help keep arteries clear and break down LDL’s

BMI

A ratio of body weight and height that is related to body fat

Multidimensional

Intelligence that identify several types of intellectual abilities

Multidimensionally

A developmental pattern in which some aspects of intelligence improve and other aspects decline during adulthood

Inter-individual variability

Patterns of change that vary from one person to another

Plasticity

Concept that intellectual abilities are not fixed but can be modified under the right conditions at about just any point in adulthood

Primary mental abilities

Groups of related intellectual skills (e.g memory or spatial ability)

Secondary mental abilities

Broad intellectual skills that subsume and organize primary mental abilities

Fluid intelligence

Consists of the ability that makes you a flexible and adaptive thinker, that allow you to are inferences, and that enable you to understand the relation among concepts

Example: what letter comes after a

Crystalized intelligence

The knowledge acquired through life experiences and education in a particular culture

Jeopardy and wheel of fortune tests this type of intelligence

Parietofrontal integration theory

Proposal that intelligence comes from a distributed and integrated network of neurons in the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain

Postformal thought

Thinking characterized by recognizing that the correct answer varies from one situation to another that solutions should be realistic, ambiguity and contradiction are typical and that subjective factors play roles in thinking

Reflective judgement

Away in which adults reason through dilemmas involving current affairs, religion, science, personal relationships and the like

Life-span construct

Unified sense of the past, present, and future based on personal experience and input from other people

Scenario

Manifestation of the life-span construct through expectations about the future

Social clock

Tagging future events with a particular time or age by which they are to be completed

Life story

Personal narrative that organizes past events into a coherent sentence

Possible selves

Representations of what we could become, what we would like to become and what we are afraid of becoming

Personal control beliefs

The degree to which you believe your performance in a situation depends on something you do

Primary control

Behavior aimed at affecting the individuals external world

Secondary control

Behavior or cognition aimed at affecting the individuals internal wound

Assortative mating

People find partners based on their similarity to each other

Abusive relationship

Relationship in which one person becomes aggressive toward the partner

Battered woman syndrome

Situation occurring when a woman believes that they cannot leave the abusive situation and may go so far as to kill their significant other

Cohabitation

People in committed intimate sexual relationships who live together but are NOT married

Marital success

Umbrella term referring to any marital outcome

Marital quality

Subjective evaluation of the couples relationship on a number of different dimensions

Marital adjustment

Degree to which a husband and wife accommodation to each other over a period of time

Marital satisfaction

Global assessment of ones marriage

Homogamy

Similarity of values and interests

Exchange theory

Relationship, such as marriage, based on each partner contributing something to the relationship that the other would be hard pressed to provide

Vulnerability-stress-adaptation model

Model that proposes that marital quality is a dynamic process resulting from the couples ability to handle stressful events in the context of their particular vulnerabilities and resources

Nuclear family

Most common form of family in wester societies, consisting only of parents and children

Extended family

Most common form of family around the world; one in which grandparents ad other relatives live with parents and children

Familism

Idea that the family’s well being takes precedence over the concerns of individual family members

Covenant marriage

Expands the marriage contract to a lifelong commitment between the partners within a supportive community

Collaborative divorce

Voluntary, contractually based alternative dispute resolution process for couples who want to negotiate a resolution of their situation rather than having a rule imposed on them by a court or an arbitrator

Meaning-mission fit

Alignment between an executives personal intentions and his or her firms mission

Career construction theory

Theory that posits that people build careers through their own actions that result from the interface of their personal characteristics and the social context

Social cognitive career theory

Theory that propose that career choice is a result of the application of banduras social cognitive theory, especially the concept of self-efficacy

Reality shock

Situation in which what you learn in the classroom does not aways transfer directly to the real world and does not represent al that you need to know

Mentor or executive coach

Person who is part teacher, part sponsor, part model and part counselor who facilitates on-the-job learning to help a new hire do the work required in his or her present role and to prepare for future roles

Job satisfication

Positive feeling that results from an appraisal of ones work

Psychological capital theory

Notion that having a positive outlook improves processes and outcomes

Alienation

When workers believe that what they are doing is meaningless and that their efforts are deviated or when they do not see the connection between what they do and the final product

Burnout

Depletion of a persons energy and motivation, the loss of occupations Al iDisk and the feeling that one is being exploited

Passion

Strong inclination toward an activity that individuals like (or even love) that they value and find important in which they invest time and energy

Gender discrimination

Act of denying a job to someone solely on the basis of whether the person in a man or woman

Glass ceiling

Level to which women may rise in an organization but beyond which they may not go

Glass cliff

Situation in which woman’s leadership position is precarious

Age discrimination

Involve denying a job or promotion to someone solely on the basis of age

Boomerang employees

Individuals who terminate employment at one point in time but return to work in the same organization at a future time

Career plateauing

Situation that occurs when there is a lack of challenge in ones job or promotional opportunity in the organization or when a person decides not to seek advancement

Backup care

Emergency care for dependent children or adults so that an employee doe not need to lose a day of work

Work-family conflict

Feeling of being pulled in multiple directions by incompatible demands from ones job and ones family

Osteoporosis

A disease in which bones become porous and extremely easy to break

Dual energy x-ay absorptiometry test

Test of bone mineral density at the hip and spine

Osteoarthritis

The most common form of arthritis, marked by gradual onset of bone damage with progression of pain and disability, together with minor signs of inflammation from wear and tear

Wear and tear disease

Degenerative disease caused by injury or overuse, such as osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Disease of the joints that affects different joints, causes different types of pain and is more destructive than osteoarthritis

Climacteric

Biological process during which women pass from their reproductive to non-reproductive years

Menopause

The point at which menstruation stops

Perimenopause

Individually varying time of transition from regular menstruation to menopause

Menopausal hormone therapy

Medication therapy in which women take low doses of estrogen, which is often combined with progestin to counter symptoms association with menopause

Stress and coping paradigm

Dominant framework used to study stress, which emphasizes the transactions between a person and his or her environment

Coping

Any attempt to deal with stress

PTSD

Anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which ave physical harm i occurred or was threatened

Mindfulness-based stress reduction

Stress reduction technique based on being aware and nonjudgmental of whatever is happening at that moment

Aerobic exercise

Exercise that places moderate stress on the heart by maintaining a pulse rate between 60 and 90 percent of the persons maximum heart rate

Practical intelligence

Range of skills related to how individuals shape, select or adapt to their physical and social environments

Mechanics of intelligence

Those aspects of intelligence comprising fluid intelligence

Pragmatic of intelligence

Those aspects of intelligence comprising fluid intelligence

Neuroticism

Personality dimension that reflects the tendencies to be anxious, hostile, self conscious, depressed, impulsive and vulnerable

Extraversion

Personality dimension associated with tendencies to thrive on social interaction, enjoy talking, take change easily, readily express opinions and feelings, like keeping busy, have boundless energy and prefers to have challenging and boundless environments

Openness to experience

Personality dimension that reflected the tendencies to have a vivid imagination and dream life, an appreciation of art and a strong desire to try anything once

Agreeableness

A personality dimension associated with being accepting, willing to work with others and caring

Personality adjustment

Developmental changes in terms of their adaptive value and functionality such as whether one can function effectively within society and how personality contributes to everyday life running smoothly

Personality growth

Form of personality that refers to ideal end states such as increased self-transcendence, wisdom and integrity

Generativity

Erikson theory, the state in which being productive by helping others to ensure the continuation of society by giving the next generation

Stagnation

Erikson theory; state in which people are unable to deal with the needs of their children or to provide mentoring to younger adults

Narrative

A way in which a person derives personal meaning from being generative and by constructing a life story, which helps create the person’s identity

Midlife correction

Reevaluating ones roles and dreams and making the necessary corrections

Kinkeeper

The person, usually middle-aged mother, who gathers family members together for celebrations and keeps them in touch with one another

Sandwich generation

Middle-aged adults who are caught between the competing demands of two generations; their parents and their children

filial obligation

a sense of obligation to care for ones parents if necessary

demographers

People who study population trends

Population pyramid

Graphic technique for illustrating population trends

Longevity

The number of years a person can expect to live

Average life expectancy

The age at which half of the people born in a particular year will have died

Useful life expectancy

the number of years that a person is free from debilitating chronic disease and impairment