Midterm UC Scout

5 purposes of government

Protecting Citizens, Maintaining Order, Regulating Economy, Providing public goods and services, Ensuring successful political socialization

Oligarchy

Small group of leaders hold power

Representative monarchy

Monarch acts as head of state citizens have power

Traditional theory

Majority rule while not violating minority rights where citizens are believed to have direct power

Pluralist theory

A theory of government and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies.

Elite Theory

Power should be in hands of economically elite

Hyper pluralism

Various groups fight for causes and create gridlock and those with more power have more influence

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy popular sovereignty

Thomas Hobbes

Leviathan need goc for peace and security

John Locke

Two treaties of government rejecting idea of monarchy

Thomas Paine

Common sense

Prohibitionary Act

Closed ports and established resistance to crown as treason

Albany Congress

Took place during FAI and discussed how to protect land from French invasion

Articles of Confederation

Created an alliance of 6 Native American tribes which was used as frame work for us government

Shay's rebellion

When government refused to provide farmer debt relief causing a rebellion

Baron de Montesquieu

Proposed a checks and balances system

Mount Vernon Convention

initiated the concept of regular meetings between states to discuss areas of mutual concern,

Annapolis Convention

A convention held in September 1786 to consider problems of trade and navigation, attended by five states and important because it issued the call to Congress and the states for what became the Constitutional Convention

Philadelphia Convention

produced the present Constitution of the United States, which was drafted largely by James Madison.

New Jersey Plan

Proposal to create a weak national government

Virginia Plan

Proposal to create a strong national government

Popular Sovereignty

States government is created and subject to the will of the people

Limited government

Nobody is above the law and power is given by the people

Judicial review

The court can declare things unconstitutional

Federalism

Power divided between national and state

Preamble

Outlines the goals of the constitution

enumerated powers

Power to tax declare war borrow money etc

Implied powers

Allows congress to stretch powers when nessisary

Elastic clause

Congress stretch powers

President qualifications

Natural born American, at least 35, lived in the us for 14+ years

25th admendment

Allows vice president to take over

22 admendment

Limits the president to serving 2 terms

Impeachment

The process to formally remove a president due to things like treason, bribery etx

Richard neustates beloved great power

Persuasion

President role- Commander in chief

Ability to deploy troops

President role-Chief of state

Acts as the embodiment of the contry

President role- Chief executive

Appoints the top administrative cabinet

President role-Chief diplomat

Travels abroad and reps America and hosts state dinners for foreigners

President role- chief legislator

Serves by reporting to congress on the state of the union

President role- chief of party

Serves as symbolic rep of their party

The executive office of the President

White House office and councils that inform president in west wing

OMB

Supports presidents policy making by reviewing legislation, regulation, and budget

Chief of state

Highest ranking member of white house

The hub and spoke system

President acts as hub and manages the spokes of each administration evenly

Ad Hoc structure

Most common whee commutes and task forces with appointed advisers share in developing and implementing policy

Lobbyists

Diverse groups that advocate for where they think money should go

Continuing resolution

When agencies are allows to spend money from the previous years budget

Balanced budget

Debated topic about not having debt due to pork barrel spending

Budget surplus

Less unemployment and a healthy economy and larger national income

Budget deficit

Borrows money to fill gaps and pays back with intrest

Debt ceiling

Legal borrowing limit

Sequestration

Across the board spending cuts to reduce national debt

Bureaucrat

Non elevated people in executive branch who implement public policy

Pendleton civil service act

Divided burocratic jobs into unclassified are elected classified are based on merit

Hatch act

Prevents partisan politics and party divides

The plum book

Posted with all jobs after a president is electrd

Office of personal management

Responsible for hiring and testing job candidates

State department

Oversee us relations with other contries

Department of Justice

Enforces laws and justice

Department of homeland security

Works to enforce customs and border control

2 purposes of independent regulatory agencies

Makes rules to protect public interests and enforce the rules set in plave

Federal reserve bank

Regulates banks, interest rates and money supply

Federal Communications Commission

Regulates media, communication networks, issues licence, tv negworks

SEC

Created to regulate the stock market

Government corporations

Teneseebvalley authority, the federal deposite and insurance corporations

Independent executive agencies

NASA, gsa, Nsf

Sunset clause

Ensures a pole

Admiralties procedure act

Publicized rule making through federal register

The freedom of information act

Full public access to government documents

Government sunshine act

Conduct open public meetings where citizens can share concerns

The ethics in government act 1978

Prevents conflicts of intrest by burocrats

Whistle blower protections

Easier for workers to report abuse

Trial courts

Handle disputes between two or more parties

Civil trials

Defendant and plaintiffs

Criminal trial

Between government and defendant

Adversarial system

Two sides present case to impartial judge and jury

Sixth admendment

All citizens have a right to a jury in criminal cases

Seventh admendment

Extends 6 admendment to civil cases

Please bargains

Defendant pleas guilty to get a reduced sentance

Appeal courts

Available to people unsatisfied with their trial

Precedent

When a court issues a ruling that stands for all future cases regarding similar situations

What type of causes do federal courts hear

Federal law, civil cases with parties from different states, and disputes over 75,000

How many regional circuits are there

12

How many federal judicial disticts

94

How are federal court judges appointed

By the president and approved by the senate and follow senglri courtesy

Us surprise court

Highest us court

Petition for certiorai

When a lower court is beloved to misjudged an important case

Marshal court

Set a precedent that established the right of the Supreme Court to over rule any state law that conflicted with the constitution

Marry v. Madison

Established judicial review

McCullough v. Maryland

Surpreme court case that said the second bank of the us couldn't be taxed by Maryland

Earl warren

Brown v. Board of education activism

Warren burger

Roe v. Wade

Judicial restraint

Limit their power and not bring personal preference into matters

Judicial activism

Supreme Court should make choices to be progressive

The doctrine of political question

When a case should be left to another branch of government

Loose construction

Constitution is ment to be bent and change

Strict construction

Literal interpretation

Current Supreme Court justices

Roberts, Kennedy, Thomas, Ginsburg, Breyer, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch

Federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

The federalist papers

A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail.