ALL Test for ions and Gas tests

Li⁺

Flame test - red

Na⁺

Flame test - yellow

K⁺

Flame test - Lilac

Ca²⁺

Flame test - Orange-Red

Cu²⁺ flame test

Flame test - Blue-green

Cu²⁺ alkali test

Add Sodium Hydroxide - Blue precipitate

Fe²⁺

Add Sodium Hydroxide: Gives green precipitate

Fe³⁺

Add Sodium Hydroxide: Gives orange-brown precipitate

NH₄⁺

Add Sodium Hydroxide: Gas given off turns damp red litmus blue

CO₃²⁻

Add Hydrochloric acid - Carbon dioxide evolves

SO₄²⁻

Add Hydrochloric acid Then barium chloride solution - White Precipitate

Cl⁻

Add Nitric Acid then Silver nitrate solution - White precipitate

Br⁻

Add Nitric Acid then Silver nitrate solution - Cream precipitate

I⁻

Add nitric acid then silver nitrate - Yellow precipitate

CO₂ gas

turns limewater cloudy when bubbled through

Cl₂ gas

Turns damp blue litmus red then bleaches white

O₂ gas

Re-lights a glowing splint

H₂O (cobalt chloride)

Turns Cobalt chloride paper from blue to pink

H₂O (copper sulphate)

Turns anhydrous copper (II) Sulphate from white to blue

H₂

When lit (with splint) explodes with squeaky pop

NH₃ (ammonia)

Turns Damp red litmus paper blue